Bacille Calmette-Guerin

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) A vaccine prepared from a living attenuated strain of tubercle bacilli and used to vaccinate human beings against tuberculosis or treat some types of cancer. 

The answer is i. (Katzwng, p 984.) Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine is a nonspecific stimulant of the reticuloendothelial system. It is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium fruvis that appears most effective in small, localized bladder tumors. This agent is approved for intravesicular use in bladder cancer. Adverse reactions are associated with the renal system, such as problems with urination, infection, and cystitis. 

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was originally described as a factor produced following exposure of Bacille-Calmette-Guerin-treated animals to bacterial endotoxin. It was so named because it possessed the ability to necrotise tumours. This factor is now named TNF-a to distinguish it from another, related cytokine lymphotoxin, which is sometimes referred to as TNF-/J Alternative names for TNF-a include cachectin and cytotoxin. Its primary cellular source in the body is the activated macrophage, but some other cell types (e.g. NK cells, astrocytes, some lymphocytes, fibroblasts, many tumour cells, endothelial cells and neutrophils) have also been shown to synthesise this cytokine. 

Altare, F., Lammas, D., Revy, R, etal, Inherited interleukin-12 deficiency in a child with bacille Calmette-Guerin and salmonella enteritidis disseminated infection. J. Clin. Invest. 102, 2035-2040 (1998). 

This vaccine is routinely given to infants and small children in countries where TB is common. This vaccine contains a live attenuated (weakened) strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis. The bacterium has been modified to produce a strain known as Bacille Calmette-Guerin, named after its discoverer. Killed vaccines (strain) can not be used to protect against tuberculosis infection since they do not produce the necessary cellular immune response. 

Infants with SCID have profound immunodehciency and present with frequent episodes of diarrhea, pneumonia, otitis, sepsis, and cutaneous infections. Persistent infections with opportunistic organisms such as Pneumocystis carinii, Epstein-Barr virus, Candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, parainhuenzae 3 virus, respiratory syncitial virus, adenovirus, varicella, and bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lead to death within the hrst or second year of life. ADA dehciency also occurs in adults, but with a much later onset and nhlder, but clinically discernible, immunodehciency [3,5]. 

Clinical Use. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, TheraCys, others) is an active bacterial strain that can be administered systemically as a vaccine against tuberculosis. This agent may also stimulate immune function and can be administered locally within the bladder (intravesicularfy) to treat certain forms of superficial bladder cancer.66... 

Improve Non-living enterotoxin subunit protein Bacille Calmette-Guerin Ajdary et al. 

BCG Bacille Calmette-Guerin NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse... 

Nonspecific stimulation of active immunity with vaccines, e.g. BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin ) instilled into the rurinary bladder for bladder cancer. More modem approaches involve the injection of tumour cells or tumour cell extracts combined with an immune stimulant such as BCG. 

Yen MY, Liu JH. Bilateral optic neuritis following Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1991 ll(4) 246-9. 

Simma B, Dietze O, Vogel W, EUemunter H, Guggenbichler JP. Bacille Calmette-Guerin-associated neonatal hepatitis. Eur J Pediatr 1991 150(6) 423. ... 

Kroger L, Korppi M, Brander E, Kroger H, Wasz-Hockert O, Backman A, Rapola J, Launiala K, Katila ML. Osteitis caused by Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination a retrospective analysis of 222 cases. J Infect Dis 1995 172(2) 574-6. 

Reynes J, Perez C, Lamaury I, Janbon F, Bertrand A. Bacille Calmette-Guerin adenitis 30 years after immunization in a patient with AIDS. J Infect Dis 1989 160(4) 727. 

Sharkey FE. Oral bropirimine immunotherapy of bladder carcinoma in situ after prior intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin. Urology 1998 51(2) 226-31. 

A live vaccine is required to elicit protection against TB, as both antibody and cell-mediated immunity are required for protective immunity. Vaccination with BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin), derived from an attenuated M. bovis strain, is commonly used in countries where TB is endemic. The vaccine was introduced in the UK in 1953 and was administered intradermally to children aged 13-14 years and to unprotected adults. Efficacy in the UK has been shown to be > 70% with protection lasting at least 15 years. In other countries, where the general state of health and well-being of the population is less than in the developed world, the efficacy of the vaccine has been shown to be significantly less than this. 

The natural occurrence of cross-protective organisms of low pathogenicity seems to be a rare event and attenuated strains have usually had to be selected by laboratory manipulation. Thus the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis used to protect against human tuber-... 

Mix the suspended pellet with 1 ml of a particulate matter suspension (could be killed or live B. Subrilis spores killed Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) bacteria, etc.) and freeze-dry the mixture under vacuum, overnight. 

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