Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine

The answer is i. (Katzwng, p 984.) Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine is a nonspecific stimulant of the reticuloendothelial system. It is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium fruvis that appears most effective in small, localized bladder tumors. This agent is approved for intravesicular use in bladder cancer. Adverse reactions are associated with the renal system, such as problems with urination, infection, and cystitis. 

Kroger L, Korppi M, Brander E, Kroger H, Wasz-Hockert O, Backman A, Rapola J, Launiala K, Katila ML. Osteitis caused by Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination a retrospective analysis of 222 cases. J Infect Dis 1995 172(2) 574-6. 

Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccine (BCG). The BCG vaccine is an attenuated, hybridized strain of M. bovis. It was developed in 1921 and is used as a prophylactic vaccine against TB. Administration of BCG vaccine is compulsory in many developing countries and is officially recommended in many others. Vaccination with BCG produces a subclinical infection resulting in sensitization of T-lymphocytes and cross-immunity to M. tuberculosis, as well as cutaneous hypersensitivity and, in many cases, a positive tuberculin skin test. 

Nante JE, Diness BR, Ravn H, Roth A, Aaby P, Berm CS. No adverse events after simultaneous administration of 50 000 lU vitamin A and Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination to normal-birth-weight newborns in Guinea-Bissau. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008 62(7) 842-8. 

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) A vaccine prepared from a living attenuated strain of tubercle bacilli and used to vaccinate human beings against tuberculosis or treat some types of cancer. 

BCG vaccine—Bacille bilie de Calmette-Guerin vaccine Bi—bismuth... 

This vaccine is routinely given to infants and small children in countries where TB is common. This vaccine contains a live attenuated (weakened) strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis. The bacterium has been modified to produce a strain known as Bacille Calmette-Guerin, named after its discoverer. Killed vaccines (strain) can not be used to protect against tuberculosis infection since they do not produce the necessary cellular immune response. 

Clinical Use. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG, TheraCys, others) is an active bacterial strain that can be administered systemically as a vaccine against tuberculosis. This agent may also stimulate immune function and can be administered locally within the bladder (intravesicularfy) to treat certain forms of superficial bladder cancer.66... 

Nonspecific stimulation of active immunity with vaccines, e.g. BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin ) instilled into the rurinary bladder for bladder cancer. More modem approaches involve the injection of tumour cells or tumour cell extracts combined with an immune stimulant such as BCG. 

Yen MY, Liu JH. Bilateral optic neuritis following Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1991 ll(4) 246-9. 

A live vaccine is required to elicit protection against TB, as both antibody and cell-mediated immunity are required for protective immunity. Vaccination with BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin), derived from an attenuated M. bovis strain, is commonly used in countries where TB is endemic. The vaccine was introduced in the UK in 1953 and was administered intradermally to children aged 13-14 years and to unprotected adults. Efficacy in the UK has been shown to be > 70% with protection lasting at least 15 years. In other countries, where the general state of health and well-being of the population is less than in the developed world, the efficacy of the vaccine has been shown to be significantly less than this. 

Tuberculosis. Recent experimental evidence suggests that exposiue to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may reduce the risk of developing asthma. In a partly longitudinal study of children in Japan, an inverse relationship was found between tuberculin skin response, allergen-specific IgE and symptoms of asthma. However it is unclear whether Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination, primary tuberculous infection in childhood, or sensitisation to harmless environmental mycobacteria were responsible [155(111)]. (BCG vaccination is discussed below under Immunisation .)... 

Thamthitiwat S, Marin N, Baggett HC, Peruski LF, Kiatkulwiwat W, Panumahasmee V, et al. Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) bacteremia in immunocompetent neonates following vaccination. Vaccine 2011 29(9) 1727-30. 

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