Specification behavioral

What is observed is that there are significant changes in specific surface, but that they are relatively modest and cannot account for large changes in reaction rates in shocked powders. The observed behavior can be characterized into typical behaviors as summarized in Fig. 7.1. If comminution is the dominant behavior, the specific surface area will be observed to increase. Such a behavior is called Type a. If consolidation is the dominant behavior, specific surface area will be observed to decrease. Such a behavior is called Type b. In the most typical case, the specific surface increases at low pres-... 

What is the complete behavioral specification of a given transition rule on arbitrary lattices Which topologies yield trivial or complex dynamics What fraction of topologies of given size induce a particular variety of dynamical behavior ... 

One of the most informative properties of any material is their mechanical behavior specifically the determination of its stress-strain curve in tension (ASTM D 638). This is usually accomplished in a testing machine by measuring continuously the elongation (strain) in a test sample as it is stretched by an... 

Ongoing experiments with methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) show a systematic dose-dependent decrease in attack and threat behavior in mice confronting an intruder into their homecage (Miczek et al., unpublished observations). The decrement in aggressive behavior appears to be behaviorally specific it is obtained at MDMA doses (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) that are lower than those necessary to decrease measures of conditioned performance under the control of schedules of positive reinforcement. Because of species-dependent neurotoxicity, MDMA s effects on aggressive behavior need to be explored in other species, including primates. 

In accordance with this behavior, specific interactions between host and guest molecules are not indicated in the structures. The guest molecules take an inclination of approximately 45 degrees to both planes of the rectangular aromatic systems of... 

HT may be involved in a wide variety of behaviors by setting the tone of brain activity in relationship to the state of behavioral arousal/activity. Serotonin has been implicated in practically every type of behavior, e.g. appetitive, emotional, motoric, cognitive, autonomic. However, from a physiologic perspective, it is not clear whether 5-HT affects such behaviors specifically, or more generally by coordinating the activity of the nervous system, particularly to set the tone of activity in conjunction with the organism s level of arousal. 

Figure 3.7 and Figure 3.8 show that the internal representation and interactions differ widely between the implementations. Our behavior specification must abstract these irrelevant internal interactions and include only interactions with objects that the client should be aware of.6 What we really want to specify is the calendar together with some abstraction of its (hidden) event container, hashtable, vector, and so on (see Figure 3.9). 

Because a type spec is just a description of behavior, an object can be a member of many types. In other words, it can play several roles. (In fact, an object is a member of every type whose specification it conforms to even if the type specification was written after the object was created.) And one type can be a subset, or subtype, of another even if they were defined separately. To say that all sheep are animals is the same as saying Sheep is a subtype of Animal. You expect of Sheep everything expected of Animals in general but there is more to say about Sheep. Some objects that are Animals—that is, they conform to the behavior specification for that type— may exhibit the additional properties of Sheep. 

This chapter deals in detail with the business of specifying actions—what happens in some world or in some system—while deferring the implementation. Indeed, we have seen an example (Section 3.4) of how two different implementations can have the same behavioral specification. The action specifications use the terms defined in a static model (as in Chapter 2). The static and action models together make up the specification of a complete type (see Figure 3.31). In the chapters that follow, we will use these ideas to build specifications of complete software systems and interfaces to components. 

Collaborations are used to describe designs in two primary forms. In an enscapsulated collaboration the behavior of an object can be specified as a type it can then be implemented, with the object comprising others that collaborate to meet its behavior specifications. Individual classes fall into this category. 

All the qualities that relate to runtime behavior should be captured as part of the behavioral specification of the system,3 including requirements about security, availability, and performance, because they contribute to the definition of acceptable behavior. For example, the need to authenticate users before permitting them to access certain operations should be... 

There is not usually a clear order in which to perform context analysis ("use-case analysis") and system behavioral specification. There is some element of negotiation between... 

Adopt the business model as the initial type model. That is, the model part of the type-box defining the system. Note that this gives us two of everything the external real object and its model inside the system. To distinguish where this might be ambiguous, use LibraryManagementSystem Member and Member. Note, however, that actions from the business model do not translate into internal actions that must be implemented in the system they are candidate effects , there just to conveniently factor out parts of the system behavior specification. 

Informal Specs. The formal behavior specifications start with informal narrative, and end with much clearer narrative description (see Section 3.4.1, From Attributes to Operation Specification, on page 129). Always review this narrative specification, and the definitions in the Dictionary. Explain to the customer that the terms reflect the system s view of the domain, not necessarily every aspect of the domain itself. 

The ability to explain beliefs and practices like these is diminished by several typical assumptions that we tend make about human beings and their environmental behaviors. Specifically, there is a tendency to think about lawns, and... 

Here are the essentials. The female silkworm moth emits a 16-carbon alcohol, bombykol, which can be detected by the male moths who are then attracted to the female in search of sex. The parallel with human behavior, specifically our use of perfumes and colognes, for example, should be obvious. Mating may ensue, leading to reproduction and maintenance of the species, for the silkworm and for humans. 

Holmes A, Kinney JW, Wrenn CC, Li Q, Yang RJ, Ma L, Vishwanath J, Saavedra MC, Inner-field CE, Jacoby AS, Shine J, lismaa TP, Crawley JN (2003) Galanin GAL-Rl receptor null mutant mice display increased anxiety-like behavior specific to the elevated plus-maze. Neuropsychopharmacology 28 1031 -1044... 

Type of Reactor or Mass T ransfer System Type of Hydrodynamic Behavior Specific Power Consumption (kW m"3)... 

Proteins are the only macromolecules that can exhibit this kind of behavior (specific binding and conformation change). 

In addition to acoustical methods, which take advantage of the fact that gas nuclei (i.e., stable microbubbles) are elastic bodies and thus absorb sound energy (ref. 4,5,9,25,26,31,32,50), another class of methods for detecting these gas microbubbles that has been employed repeatedly is based on their optical behavior. Specifically, most of these optical methods involve detection of these long-lived microbubbles in water from the light scattered by them (ref. 5,26,59,60,127). 

Dickens J. C. and Mori K. (1989) Receptor chirality and behavioral specificity of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera Curculionidae), for its pheromone, (+)-grandisol. J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 517-528. 

Elemental Analyses. The data for textiles obtained from a variety of pre-Columbian sites display a nonuniform behavior specific to the conditions of treatment and burial for the individual artifact. It is suggested that extreme caution be observed in the interpretation of elemental analytical data for archaeological textile artifacts since the presence of dyes, colorants, and accretions can give analytical data which are misleading. 

Berman KF, Illowsky BP, Weinberger DR. 1988. Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. IV. Further evidence for regional and behavioral specificity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45 616-622. 

As we have indicated, stomatal conductance has a greater influence on transpiration (Section 8.2G) than on photosynthesis (Section 8.4E), for which both gas-phase and liquid-phase conductances must be considered. For instance, transpiration increases more rapidly than photosynthesis with increases in gj so WUE then decreases (Eq. 8-39). Thus we need specific criteria to predict optimal stomatal behavior. Specifically, to maximize WUE, stomatal opening must be synchronized with the capability for CO2 fixation. As indicated above (Section 8.IB), stomatal opening can be regulated by the CO2 level in the intercellular air spaces, a decrease in caused by photosynthesis leading to an increase in, which then lets more... 

The complexity and nature of bio-oil causes some unusual behavior, specifically that the following properties tend to change with time ... 

Curvature in a straight line can be a useful tool to detect departures from model behavior. Specifically, it is easier for the eye to detect deviations from straight lines... 

The approach of specification-based anomaly detection was first proposed in [789] and is based on the formal description of positive behavior. Specification-based anomaly detection techniques do not rely on attack signatures as they compare the actual behavior of a protocol or a process with the expected behavior given by a specification. Therefore, the limits and the coverage of a specification-based anomaly detection technique are clearly defined, although not every deviation necessarily constitutes an attack. 

On the other hand, tools have to be parameterized to fit to a specific application domain, but also due to other reasons, as user behavior, specific rules of a company, etc. This is, for example, the case for the reactive management tool of Sect. 3.4. Parameterization there means to introduce types of documents, of subprocesses, but also cooperation forms. So, parameterization here means to make the tool suitable in its outside behavior. 

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