Asynchronous application

The BioView sensor (DELTA Light Optics, Denmark) was developed especially for industrial applications. It is capable of completely automatic optical measurement for monitoring and control of different bioprocesses. The instrument is conceived to withstand harsh industrial environments (e.g., high temperature, moisture) and electromagnetic interference. For data transfer a single-fiber asynchronous modem is used, which allows a distance between the computer and spectrometer of up to several hundred meters. 

For more than two decades the usage of centralized computing facilities had been the most economic approach in the application of computers within a company or an institution. Grosch s law - named after one of the early pioneers in the field -described this situation the price of a computer increases with the square-root of the compute-power. In other words for twice the price a central computer with four times the CPU- power could be purchased thus, a centralized big computer system was more cost-effective than a number of smaller computers with equivalent total power. Furthermore, the connection of individual systems to form a network was a difficult task no accepted standards for the required hardware and software did exist. In most cases rather low-speed connections only, via asynchroneous RS 2320-lines, could be implemented. 

Continuous product flows under high-pressure conditions (p > 30 MPa) can only be achieved with hermetic centrifugal pumps. Although the two drive systems that can be used - the permanent magnet coupling and the asynchronous canned motor - have the same mode of operation, they differ in their applications and their safety ranges. 

The use of concurrence or parallelism in chemistry applications is not new. In the 1980s chemistry applications evolved to take advantage of multiple vector registers on vector supercomputers and attached processors by restructuring the software to utilize matrix—vector and matrix—matrix operations. In fact, once the software had been adapted to vector supercomputers, many applications ran faster on serial machines because of improved use of these machines memory hierarchies. The use of asynchronous disk operations (overlapped computation and disk reads or writes) and a few loosely coupled computers and workstations are other concurrency optimizations that were used before the development of current MPP technology. The challenge of the... 

The user interface of KomPaKt only gives a unified way of accessing synchronous and asynchronous communications. This interface integrates some useful existing communication tools. For the considered application domain, also the development of some new tools was necessary. These tools are described in this subsection. 

Studies on Orbix (version 2.3 later a transition to a newer version was made) consisted of the analysis of the influence of different hardware architectures on communication in CORBA, the overhead produced by communication operations, a comparison between different modes of data transfer, the applicability of updating methods, and the realization of multicast communication. Synchronous, oneway, deferred synchronous, and the use of the CORBA Event Service for asynchronous communication were investigated. The data transferred in each experiment were strings, due to the lack of container objects in CORBA. 

Agents are able to establish and maintain data communication between software and a device or instrument and to communicate to the target software application server asynchronously. They are installed either on the computer that runs the source application or on a separate server if multiple regular transfer tasks are expected. 

Wf-XML. Unlike the XML workflow specifications listed previously, this is a Web services API that defines process automation across heterogeneous implementation environments [WS2]. It has application to a work-flow client (such as a design tool or another workflow engine) to communicate with a workflow engine about what protocols are available and to upload and download process definitions. It extends the Asynchronous Service Access Protocol API from OASIS [WS3]. 

Aspects of asynchronous and synchronous object management in a distributed environment and the data models for the manipulation of lead time have thus far been in the foreground in systems for designing objects in a virtual work environment. Here, the data models are oriented by existing CAD standards or they focus on application protocols for the product data model STEP, with these protocols still to be developed. These systems are also not frilly immersive, but they are monitor based in connection with relevant 3D input tools (e.g., space mouse, trackball). Handling aspects of virtual prototypes in an immersive VE have been studied, for example, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (Dani and Gadh 1996). 

When communication occurs in real time, be that face to face, using telephony or electronic instant messaging it is clear to all parties that transmission and receipt of information has occurred. But when we interact asynchronously through systems such as email or application specific messaging we accept that there will probably be a delay until we hear from the redpient The sender may or may not expect an acknowledgement and the receiver may or may not send one irrespective of whether they actually action the content of the message. In this way there are many opportunities for the sender to believe that they have achieved communication when this is not the case. 

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