Access to services

Logistics Access to services and funding are program specific. Additional information can be found at the NINDS website above, and by contacting the appropriate program director. 

These realities of the current state of healthcare have caused healthcare policy-makers to use several methods to regulate the supply and demand of health services and thereby control the cost of those serv ices. Attempts to reduce the supply of services include a reduction in the reimbursement for services or a reduction in the number of physicians and specialists. These approaches may contain the growth of healthcare costs but a reduction in the capacity of the healthcare system also limits the patient access to services, resulting in longer waits for non-emergency services. Attempts to reduce the demand for services include ... 

African Americans receive differential, often substandard treatment in many mental health systems. Many of these concerns could be addressed with new advances in diagnosis and treatment. More must be done to educate providers about the need to address cultural issues and to provide optimal care to all patients. More needs to be done in treatment management to avoid two tiers of care as controlling costs continues to be a high priority. Finally, African Americans should have equal access to services and should benefit equally from advances that have occurred in mental health care. 

Cash subsidies may or may not specify the inputs they subsidize They include lump-sum payments and block contracts to provide a set of services tax rebates (on the construction of health facilities in underserved areas, for example) and capitated payments based solely on a catchment population. (A capitation payment that depends on the number of patients actually using a provider regularly or a system in which patients lose access to service when they shift to a different provider is a demand-side subsidy, as it is linked to the output of service utilization.)... 

Cream-skimming. Cream-skimming occurs when providers avoid providing care to groups that require more services than others. As under capitation payments and health insurance subsidies, this problem can arise if the subsidy is for providing access to services rather than their utilization. 

Societal limitation Restriction, attributable to social policy or barriers (structural or attitudinal), which limits fulfillment of roles, or denies access to services or opportunities that are associated with full participation in society. 

Adopting the BMA approach of prioritising an ability to access would have important implications for the design of transport in local environments. However, even with excellent local access to services, people may still need to access more distant destinations. An active transport approach suggests that such long distance travel should preferably be by public transport, as this usually involves some physical activity. In mainland Europe, China and Japan there has been much... 

Fee waivers or vouchers for health and scholarships for education help households maintain access to services even if they are poorer. 

To prevent further loss of, and improve accessibility to, services there is a strong case to be made for sharing of services on a cross-border basis and it is to this area that community-led collaborative programs have increasingly been turning their attention. 

General approaches for implementing authorisation and access control to services within vehicular networks have also been proposed [10,11,12]. However, these proposals address a different problem of authorisation, that of preventing vehicles from gaining imauthorised access to services offered by the network infrastructure. In contrast, we address the opposite problem, namely to prevent unauthorised access, not by the vehicles, hut to the vehicles and services offered by them. 

Note that the space sector is subject to a series of other regulations, such as export or access to services provided by a space system considered sensitive. However important, these regulations are not addressed further in this chapter as... 

Access to Services Better access to health care, lower hospitalization rates, higher immunization rates, or access to dental care were reported at least once. Many of the after-school programs cited improved access to childcare as a significant outcome. 

This chapter focuses on children with extreme forms of psychopathology and very poor adaptive functioning. Many school and community mental health settings label this group of children as having serious emotional disturbance (sed) for purposes of funding and access to services, but there is variability in local or state criteria for sed. Common elements of sed definitions generally include the federal definition of the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (idea, 1997). As defined by Federal Law (cfr Parts 300 and 303) ... 

School mental health programs also can improve access to services through a focus on improving the mental health of all children within the school. To reach this desired outcome, clinicians within schools can provide specific tools to... 

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