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Sand-asphalt-sulfur

SAND-ASPHALT-SULFUR (SAS) SYSTEMS Canadian Developments... [Pg.156]

Figure 2. Photomicrograph of sand-asphalt-sulfur matrix showing the mechanical interlock of sand particles provided by the sulfur (Mag 108X). Figure 2. Photomicrograph of sand-asphalt-sulfur matrix showing the mechanical interlock of sand particles provided by the sulfur (Mag 108X).
Figure 3. Marshall stability as a function of sulfur and asphalt contents in sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes (15,). Materials used were medium-coarse sand and 150/180 pen. asphalt. All specimens were prepared with 2 hammer blows on one face only. Figure 3. Marshall stability as a function of sulfur and asphalt contents in sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes (15,). Materials used were medium-coarse sand and 150/180 pen. asphalt. All specimens were prepared with 2 hammer blows on one face only.
Figure 5. Fatigue life as a function of sulfur content for a sand-asphalt-sulfur mix. Test temperature 50°F (10°C). Test frequency 60 Hz. Materials medium-coarse sandt and 150/180 pen. asphalt. Asphalt content 6% wt (15),... Figure 5. Fatigue life as a function of sulfur content for a sand-asphalt-sulfur mix. Test temperature 50°F (10°C). Test frequency 60 Hz. Materials medium-coarse sandt and 150/180 pen. asphalt. Asphalt content 6% wt (15),...
Figure 6. Heated dump body truck developed by Shell Canada, Ltd. used for hauling sand-asphalt-sulfur paving mixtures. [Photographed at the Kenedy County Texas field trials in 1977 (28)]. Figure 6. Heated dump body truck developed by Shell Canada, Ltd. used for hauling sand-asphalt-sulfur paving mixtures. [Photographed at the Kenedy County Texas field trials in 1977 (28)].
Deme, I. J., "Basic Properties of Sand-Asphalt-Sulfur Mixes", International Road Federation World Meeting, 7th, Munich, October, 1973. [Pg.191]

A sharp increase in price and decrease in availability of sulfur reduced the experimental effort temporarily, but laboratory work based on the above findings continued. Pourable paving mixes were developed containing one-sized sands which could be cast in place without rolling, much as portland cement concrete is handled. Based on satisfactory laboratory findings, a test road was constructed in Richmond, British Columbia in 1970, where a sand—asphalt—sulfur mix was cast between forms (5). The success of this trial, coupled with a decrease in the price of sulfur and the forecast for a long-term world sulfur surplus, led us to initiate an extensive research and development program to exploit sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes as road base and surface materials. [Pg.94]

Figure 1. Photomicrograph of a polished sand-asphalt-sulfur mix surface... Figure 1. Photomicrograph of a polished sand-asphalt-sulfur mix surface...
The results from full-scale experimental road projects in Canada have confirmed the above findings. When sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes were placed with vibratory screed finishers, increased vibratory energy had no significant effect on the densification of fluid mixes, whereas noticeable increases in density with corresponding increases in vibratory energy were observed with stiffer mix formulations. [Pg.96]

In the cement concrete industry the recommended practice is to consolidate low slump mixes by vibration and high slump mixes with hand tools. For example, ASTM Method C 192 (6) specifies consolidating test specimens by vibration if the slump is less than 1 in. Relationships between workability and ease of placing sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes are being evaluated on various field projects to assess the workability requirements for mix placement with various types of equipment. [Pg.98]

Sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes are not subject to particle segregation because of uniform size distribution. These mixes may be transported and handled readily. Sands are, therefore, the best materials for use in paving mixes, considering their low cost in many areas, their ample availability, and their potential for developing high strength in sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes. [Pg.98]

The sand-asphalt-sulfur mix stability increased to a peak value with increasing sulfur content for all asphalt levels. [Pg.99]

Sand-asphalt-sulfur mix stabilities were adequate even with excessively high asphalt contents, e.g., 10% asphalt. [Pg.99]

Considerable testing was done in the laboratory to evaluate the permeability properties of sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes. A constant head air permeameter, similar to the apparatus described in Ref. 9, was used. The coefficient of air permeability criterion below which mixes are con-... [Pg.101]

Figure 5. Relation between sulfur content and fatigue life for a sand-asphalt-sulfur mix... Figure 5. Relation between sulfur content and fatigue life for a sand-asphalt-sulfur mix...
Paving Trials. A number of sand-asphalt-sulfur test pavements were constructed in Canada without rolling the mixes. The pavements were designed so that mix durability and field performance variables could be evaluated under actual in-service conditions. [Pg.104]

In 1970, 1300 ft of sand-asphalt-sulfur base was poured 4 and 6 in. thick between forms in Richmond, British Columbia (5), to assess the performance of the material as a building platform for a road over a very weak subgrade. In addition, 300 ft of a badly rutted street was overlaid using a conventional Barber-Greene finisher. A single mix composition was used in both cases. [Pg.104]

In 1971, a three-quarter mile surface overlay was placed in Oakville, Ontario using thirteen mix formulations. Skid resistance, wear, and permeability have been measured periodically to assess the suitability of sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes as surfacing materials. [Pg.104]

Mix Handling Trials. The general objective in conducting field trials was to use, with minimum modification, conventional asphalt equipment for processing, transporting, and placing sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes. To date, the mixes have been processed in batch-type hot-mix asphalt plants. Details of the processing steps were published in a previous report (4). In 1975, we intend to evaluate a continuous-type hot-mix... [Pg.104]

Pavement Structure Bases and Surfacing. Sand—asphalt—sulfur mixes may be used in the construction of all types of pavements or for overlaying existing road structures. As the mixes are cast in place without roller compaction, they are suitable for road widening or bridging weak spots in the subgrade. [Pg.105]

Sand-asphalt-sulfur surface-wearing courses prepared with coarse sands have a sharp, sandpaper-like surface texture. Skid resistance tests carried out up to speeds of 50 mph have given favorable results. The road surface is not susceptible to polishing because as soon as a sand grain is worn away or dislodged, another sharp sand grain is exposed. Fine sands, such as dune sands, are not suitable for riding surfaces because they yield surfaces which are too smooth. [Pg.105]

Sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes may also be designed to be highly impervious. These mixes may be used for cement concrete bridge deck surfacing to reduce salt attack and corrosion of the bridge deck reinforcing. [Pg.105]

Full depth sand-asphalt-sulfur pavement structures should reduce the depth of frost penetration into the subgrade in low temperature regions and thus reduce frost damage to pavements. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of these mixes is approximately one third the value for asphalt concrete. [Pg.105]

Leveling Courses. Sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes may be used as thin leveling courses over deformed or worn pavement surfaces. The mix may be placed with a bituminous finisher, and a smooth finished surface... [Pg.105]

The wheelpath depressions of rutted and worn surfaces may be filled with mix, with the finisher screed riding on the bumps. Sand-asphalt—sulfur mixes can be feathered out to the thickness of the maximum-sized particle. The normal city street overlaying practice requiring heater-planing of the bumps and replacing of a full width overlay need not be followed. [Pg.106]

Hydraulic Applications. Since sand-asphalt-sulfur mix formulations can be highly impervious, they may be used in hydraulic applications. Because the material can be cast in place without compaction, it is ideally suited for placement on slopes where conventional materials are difficult to compact such as for lining storage reservoirs, sewage lagoons, and ditches which are susceptibel to erosion. [Pg.107]

Pourable sand-asphalt-sulfur mix formulations may not be placed on exceedingly steep slopes as they would flow down the slope. In this case, stiffer aggregate-asphalt-sulfur mix formulations may be used. [Pg.107]

Castings. Pourable sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes may be cast in various shaped molds. For example, the mix may be molded in the configuration of the New Jersey rigid median barrier (11). Stiffer mixes may be extruded with an asphalt curbing machine to form a high stability curb. A small slip-form paver may be adapted for casting sidewalks in a similar fashion. [Pg.107]

Sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes exhibit a high degree of impermeability at higher air voids contents than conventional asphalt mixes. [Pg.108]

In designing sand-asphalt-sulfur mixes, a number of mix properties such as workability, stability, fatigue behavior, and mix impermeability should be considered in establishing the optimum mix formulation for its intended use. [Pg.108]


See other pages where Sand-asphalt-sulfur is mentioned: [Pg.126]    [Pg.819]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.198]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.110]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.156 , Pg.157 , Pg.158 , Pg.159 , Pg.160 , Pg.161 , Pg.162 , Pg.163 , Pg.164 , Pg.165 , Pg.166 ]




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Sand-asphalt-sulfur content

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