Asphalt, cold

Asphalt concrete Aggregate - Hot mix asphalt - Cold mix asphalt - Seal coat or surface treatment Asphalt cement modifier Mineral filler... 

Additionally, in comparison to hot asphalts, cold asphalts require less total energy to be produced and laid, the total greenhouse emissions is less and the working conditions and... 

The bituminous emulsion, preferably the cationic type, is produced from paving grade bitumen and should comply with the national specifications (CEN EN 13808 2013, ASTM D 2397 2012 or AASHTO M 208 2009, ASTM D 977 2012 or AASHTO M 140 2013, or Asphalt Institute 2008, for the European or US market). Useful information for selecting the appropriate bituminous emulsion can be found in an asphalt cold mix manual (Asphalt Institute MS-19 2008). 

Eatty bisamides are used primarily to kicrease sHp, reduce blocking, and reduce static ki polymeric systems. Other specialty appHcations kiclude cosolvents or coupling agents for polyamide reskis, fillers for electrical kisulation coatings, additives for asphalt to reduce cold flow, and synthetic waxes for textile treatments (68). Bisamides have been used ki all the traditional primary amide appHcations to kicrease lubricity and have become the amide of choice because of thek better efficiency. Bisamides have the highest commercial value ki the amide market. 

Built-Up Roofing. Built-up roofing (BUR) is a continuous-membrane covering manufactured on-site from alternate layers of bitumen, bitumen-saturated or coated felts, or asphalt-impregnated glass mats and surfacings. These membranes are generally appHed with hot bitumens or cold apphed bituminous adhesives (qv). 

Waterproof. Waterproofing barrier systems may be either hot- or cold-appHed. The hot-appHed generaUy involve a bituminous material such as asphalt used in conjunction with a reinforcing fabric such as roofing felt, cotton, or glass cloth. Cold-appHed can be bituminous or elastomeric materials either in Hquid or sheet form, with or without fabric reinforcement. Liquid elastomeric treatments include neoprene, polyurethanes, and blends of these or epoxies with bituminous materials. Among the commonly used precured elastomeric sheet materials are neoprene, polyisobutylene, EPDM mbber, and plasticized PVC. Polyethylene and PVC films and nonwoven plastic or glass fabric coated with bituminous materials also find use (78). Because these... 

Quarried, cmshed, sized from 0.95 cm to dust and fluxed with softer asphalt for use as cold-appHed pavement surfacing. 

Mixed with trap rock and asphalt flux to obtain mix for cold rolling as pavement surfacing. 

Asphalt emulsions are dispersioas of asphalt ia water that are stabilized iato micelles with either an anionic or cationic surfactant. To manufacture an emulsion, hot asphalt is mixed with water and surfactant ia a coUoid mill that produces very small particles of asphalt oa the order of 3 p.m. These small particles of asphalt are preveated from agglomerating iato larger particles by a coatiag of water that is held ia place by the surfactant. If the asphalt particles agglomerate, they could settle out of the emulsion. The decision on whether a cationic or anionic surfactant is used depends on the appHcation. Cationic stabilized emulsions are broken, ie, have the asphalt settle out, by contact with metal or siHcate materials as weU as by evaporation of the water. Siace most rocks are siHcate-based materials, cationic emulsions are commonly used for subbase stabilization and other similar appHcations. In contrast, anionic emulsions only set or break by water evaporation thus an anionic emulsion would be used to make a cold patch compound. 

SBS membrane systems are generally installed in hot asphalt but can be installed using a torch like APP products or in some cold apphcation cement systems. Like APP systems, they are generally installed in multiple layers. The undedayment layers are generally standard BUR felts or basesheets. SBS membrane sheets can also be formulated to be self-adhering. These products are no longer used in membrane appHcations but are used as ice and water dam matedals on the eaves under shingle roofs in cold climates. 

For shipment in cold climates, a freezeproofing treatment using inorganic chemicals or oil spray is used. An oil spray on the inside of the coal cars is also effective at 3.8—5.7 L/car for four round trips of 1280 km each. Oil treatment has also been used for dustproofing wind loss can be prevented by use of an asphalt emulsion on the top of rail cars (6). 

The use of coatings applied in the form of tape is also increasing. Polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride films, either self adhesive or else supporting films of butyl adhesive, petrolatum or butyl mastic are in use as materials applied cold at ambient temperatures. Woven glass fibre or nylon bandage is also used to support films of filled asphalt or coal tar and these are softened by propane gas torches and applied to the steel surface hot, cooling to form a thick conforming adherent layer. 

Asphalt concrete is primarily used as a structural pavement surface constructed over a subgrade and a subbase. It is designed to support the traffic load and distribute the load over the roadbed. Asphalt concrete pavements can be constructed using hot mix or cold mix asphalt. Hot mix asphalt is a mixture of tine and coarse aggregate with asphalt cement binder that is mixed, placed, and compacted in a heated condition. Cold mix asphalt is a mixture of emulsified asphalt and aggregate, produced, placed, and compacted at ambient air temperature. Cold mix asphalt pavement usually requires an overlay of hot mix asphalt or surface treatment to resist traffic action. 

Asphalt Institute recommended cold mix method Resistance to plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall Apparatus Immersion—Marshall method Immersion—Marshall method Superpave mix design... 

AASHTO T245 AASHTO T246, T247 Asphalt Institute Cold Mix Manual ASTM D1559... 

Polymer-modified asphalt is a cold-applied liquid waterproofing system. As with the Sonneborn system mentioned above, the quality of the installation depends on the applicator (it is difficult to achieve an even coating on a vertical surface). High-grade polymer-modified asphalt is superior to coal tar-modified polyurethane in elasticity, crack-spanning ability, and resealability, but inferior in its resistance to chemicals. 

The sites are two utility maintenance yards that lie adjacent to one another. In both cases the former USTs were excavated and removed, and the hydrocarbon-affected soil surrounding the former USTs was excavated and reused/recycled via incorporation as an ingredient in the production of cold-mix asphalt. 

MASJEDDAGHI area is located in northwest of Iran and in the north of East Azerbaijan province adjacent to the boundary between Iran and Azerbaijan. The area s latitude is between 38° 52 03" and 38° 53 22" and its longitude is in the range of 45° 56 05" and 45° 58 29". Its total area is about 8 Km. The access road is JOLFA - SIAM RUD asphalted road. The highest elevation is 950 m from sea level. Weather in this region is hot in the summer and cold in the winter. 

---