Aquatic toxicity testing

For the sample search on aquatic toxicity of atrazine, 1459 results were found. An excerpt on the daphnia acute aquatic toxicity tests (EC50. LC.50) is prc.scnted in Figure 5-33. 

Barry Ml, Logan DC. 1998. The use of temporary pond microsms for aquatic toxicity testing direct and indirect effects of endosulfan on community structure. Aquat Toxicol 41 101 -124. 

Aquatic Toxicity Test (LC50)(i) Unstabilized Bromine (ppm as Br,) STABREX (ppm as Br,) Toxicity Reduction... 

Williams, PL. and D.B. Dusenbery. 1990. Aquatic toxicity testing using the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9 1285-1290. 

Birge, W.J., J.A. Black, A.G. Westerman, and J.E. Hudson. 1980. Aquatic toxicity tests on inorganic elements occurring in oil shale. Pages 519-534 in C. Gale (ed.). Oil Shale Symposium Sampling, Analysis and Quality Assurance. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency Rep. 600/9-80-022. 

The acute Daphnia bioassay is recognized to be one of the most standardized aquatic toxicity tests presently available and several intercalibration exercises report a reasonable degree of intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility [84-87]. 

Persoone, G. Van de Vel, A. Cost-Analysis of Five Current Aquatic Toxicity Tests Report EUR 11342 EN, Commission of the European Communities, 1988 119 pp. 

Bailey, H.C. Young, L. A comparison of the results of freshwater aquatic toxicity testing of pulp and paper mill effluents. Water Set Technol. 1997, 35 (2-3), 305-313. 

Donkin, S.G., Williams, P.L. (1995). Influence of developmental stage, salts and food presence on various end points using Caenorhabditis elegans for aquatic toxicity testing. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14 2139. 

Effects on Aquatic Organisms (Refs 14, 41 47). There are a number of reports on the toxicity of TNT to fishes. They are mostly concerned with establishment of an LC50 under a variety of exptl conditions. The most acceptable acute tests are 96-hr flow-thru aquatic toxicity tests in which the exposure concns of... 

Aquatic toxicity tests for individual projects shall be isolated to the extent necessary to prevent cross-contamination of different chemicals used in different tests. 

Miscellaneous studies/initiatives linked to aquatic toxicity testing applications (liquid media and sediments)... 

Bermingham, N., Costan, G., Blaise, C. and Patenaude, L. (1996) Use of micro-scale aquatic toxicity tests in ecolabelling guidelines for general purpose cleaners, in M. Richardson (ed.), Environmental Xenobiotics, Taylor Francis Books Ltd, London, England, pp. 195-212. 

CANMET (1997a) Review of methods for sublethal aquatic toxicity tests relevant to the Canadian metalmining industry, Aquatic Effects Technology Evaluation (AETE) Program, Project 1.2.1, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), Mining Association of Canada (MAC), Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 1-132. 

Ross, P. (1993) The use of bacterial luminescence systems in aquatic toxicity testing, in M. Richardson (ed.), Ecotoxicology Monitoring, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 185-195. 

The pT-method can also be applied to assess liquids (untreated and treated wastewater, surface waters and groundwater). All data from aquatic toxicity tests used to detect pollutants can be integrated into this method. A general description of the pT-method is given in Chapter 3 of this volume. The present chapter specifically addresses the application of the pT-method to sediments and dredged material in order to classify and categorize the hazard associated with the degree of contamination of these matrices. 

The Microtox assay which measures light inhibition with the bacterium Vibrio fisheri is a well known and useful aquatic toxicity test (see Chapter 1, volume 1 of this book). As previously reported (Blaise et al., 1994) and based on our own experience, it appears more appropriate to determine 60 min IC50 for waste leachates, as opposed to 15 min or 30 min endpoints. IC50s measured after 60 min on MIOM leachates were clearly more sensitive and reproducible than those measured at 30 min and 15 min (Ferrari et ah, 1999). Since WASTOXHAS was applied on (poly)metallic matrices in this study, we also found it more suitable to use zinc sulphate as a reference toxicant to periodically verify the sensitivity of the Microtox bacterial light reagent. 

Treatment in an investigation or study that duplicates all the conditions and factors that might affect the results of the investigation, except the specific condition that is being studied. In an aquatic toxicity test, the control must duplicate all the conditions of the exposure treatment(s), but must contain no added test material or substance. The control is used to determine the absence of measurable toxicity due to basic test conditions (e.g., temperature, health of test organisms, or effects due to their handling or manipulation). Volume 1(2), Volume 2(5). 

Determination of the effect of a material or substance on a group of selected organisms (e.g., Vibrio fischeri), under defined conditions. An aquatic toxicity test usually measures either (a) the proportions of organisms affected (quantal) or (b) the degree of effect shown (quantitative or graded), after exposure to specific concentrations of test material or complex mixture (e.g., chemical, effluent, elutriate, leachate, or receiving water). Volume 1(2,10). 

The CWA has established discharge requirements for 129 individual toxic pollutants (VOCs, pesticides, metals and corrosives), known as priority pollutants, and conventional pollutants for 34 industrial categories (EPA, 1998b). Appendix 2 lists these pollutants, which are either individual chemicals or groups of chemicals of a similar nature. Aquatic toxicity testing and temperature measurements also often included into NPDES permits. 

Schoor, W.P. (1975) Problems associated with low solubility compounds in aquatic toxicity tests theoretical model and solubility characteristics of Aroclor 1254 in water. Water Res. 9, 937-944. 

Various organisms were selected to address the effects of diterpenes on different organizational structures and sensitivities. Alternative, small-scale aquatic toxicity tests known as microbiotests were used. These tests are independent of the culturing of live organisms and based on immobilized or dormant (cryptobiotic) stages of aquatic species set free or hatched when needed. The following bioassays for freshwater supplied by Creasel, Deinze, Belgium were applied ... 

Aquatic toxicity testing, by its nature, involves the dissolution of the substance under test in the water media used and the maintenance of a stable bioavailable exposure concentration over the course of the test. Some substances are difficult to test under standard procedures and thus special guidance will be developed on data interpretation for these substances and how the data should be used when applying the classification criteria. 

Aquatic toxicity test data available on the mixture as a whole... 

A9.3.5.1 Valid aquatic toxicity tests require the dissolution of the test substance in the water media under... 

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