Research needed applications

The main idea of research is application of accessible, simple and express methods that don t need expensive reagent techniques for analysis of phanuaceutical products based on bischofite. The determination of metal ions such as Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe by complex-formation titrations using a widely applicable chelating agent, EDTA, have been studied as a function of pH, complexing agents and indicators. The analysis consists of four parts ... 

Automotive applications of chemical reaction engineering future research needs... 

In this paper, we first briefly describe both the single-channel 1-D model and the more comprehensive 3-D model, with particular emphasis on the comparison of the features included and their capabilities/limitations. We then discuss some examples of model applications to illustrate how the monolith models can be used to provide guidance in emission control system design and implementation. This will be followed by brief discussion of future research needs and directions in catalytic converter modeling, including the development of elementary reaction step-based kinetic models. 

Data are scarce in mammals that link zinc concentrations in tissues with environmental zinc perturbations. In harbor porpoises, impaired homeostasis reportedly occurs when zinc exceeds 100 mg/kg FW liver however, livers of many species of marine mammals routinely exceed this value (Wood and Van Vleet 1996). Elevated zinc concentrations, in mg Zn/kg DW tissue, were >120 in cattle liver, >180 in sheep kidney, and >250 in sheep liver (Table 9.9), but their significance is unclear. No international regulations or guidelines applicable to zinc are available (USPHS 1989). No U.S. Food and Drug Administration action level or other maximum acceptable concentration exists for zinc, and therefore no Final Residue Value can be calculated (USEPA 1987). This seems to be a high priority research need. 

R. Westerholm, L.J. Pettersson, State of the Art Multi-Fuel Reformers for Automotive Fuel Cell Applications Problem Identification and Research Needs, KFB Swedish Transport Communications Research Board, Stockholm, October 31, 1999. 

The review is organized as follows. Section 2 defines a systematic framework for fuel cell modeling research, called computational fuel cell dynamics (CFCD), and outlines its four essential elements. Sections 3—5 review work performed in the past decade on PEFCs, DMFCs, and SOFCs, respectively. Future research needs and directions of the three types of fuel cells are pointed out wherever applicable and summarized separately at the end of each section. 

The iirfrastracture of national security and homeland defense research needs improvement. Though many scientists are interested in assisting national security efforts, researchers who work with dangerous or iirfectious materials often have difficulties obtaining authorization for their work and even for receiving their samples. Additionally, research is not as efficient as possible due to lack of industry collaboration of access to intellectual property (IP) and classified iirfor-mation and of peer review of research proposals, engineered applications, and... 

So it was at the beginning of the industrial applications of the rare earth elements the need of the rare earth industry to utilize valuable residual fractions. Up to the present day, this remains a problem to be solved by research departments, applications technicians, inventors and developers of the rare earth industry. 

The theoretical basis of light-induced antimicrobial treatment is described, followed by examples of its application for the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces. All available information supports the idea that PDT could offer a very efficient and cost-effective way to combat microbial contamination of foods. The advantages and pit-falls of the technique are discussed. Directions of future research needed for bringing the technology to commercial reality are identified. 

Finally, it is clear that much more research needs to be performed to connect the disciplines of colloid science and nutrition, especially in the application areas of functional foods and delivery systems. The combination of information from both in vitro and in vivo studies is evidently required in order to be able to understand properly the complex physicochemical processes that can occur during the digestion of food colloids. Our ultimate objective must be to make use of this knowledge to produce effective strategies for the formulation of a healthier diet with optimized bioavailability of the most desirable ingredients. 

In principle, quantum-chemical theory should be able to provide precise quantitative descriptions of molecular structures and their chemical properties however, due to mathematical and computational complexities this seems unlikely to be realized in the foreseeable future. Thus, researchers need to rely on approximate methods that have now become routine and have found wide applications. In many cases, errors due to the approximate nature of quantum-chemical calculations and the neglect of the solvation effects are largely transferable within structurally related series (Karelson and Lobanov, 1996). Thus, relative values of calculated descriptors can be meaningful even though their absolute values are not directly applicable. 

Choppin, G.R. 1999. Overview of chemical separation methods and technologies. In Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management Application, Problems and Research Needs. Choppin, G.R., Khankhasayev, M.Kh. Eds. Kluwer Academic, Netherlands, pp. 1-15. 

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