Antimicrobial latexes

Polymers can be emulsified in water to produce coatings which, once chlorinated, act as contact disinfectants. These coated surfaces efficiently inactivate microbes within relatively brief contact times, i.e., several minutes. Antimicrobial latexes can be formed via the copolymerisation of an N-halamine precursor monomer with other monomers in water, in the presence of a surfactant, or by chemically grafting the N-halamine precursor monomer onto an emulsified polymer backbone, followed by chlorination. 

Amerstat 251 Amerstat 300 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3-dlot, Canguard 409 Cunllate 2174-NO Dowicll 150 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolln-3-one, 10,10-Oi sfriienoxyarstne, Proxel DL Soofa/n o-phenylphenate antimicrobial, latex coatings p-Chbro-m-cresol antimicrobial, latex dispersions Sanitized LX 91-01 antimicrobial, latex emulsions Proxel GXL Quatemlum-15 Triadine 174... 

Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 10,10-Oxybisphenoxyarsine Sodium o-phenylphenate Sorbic acid antimicrobial, insect bites Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil antimicrobial, latex... 

Natural rubber Silver Antimicrobial Latex gloves ... 

After a lack of interest in these blends for some 20 years, there were some new developments in this field. Thus, protein silver was incorporated in NR to produce antimicrobial latex compositions." Proteins were also used to produce conductive rubber." Collagen protein fibres were incorporated in NR to produce studless tyres exhibiting good properties at low temperatures." Proteins were also cited as potential biofillers for accelerating the biodegradability of blends mainly composed of polyolefins and rubbers." ... 

The key markets for quaternaries are as swimming pool algaecides and in cooling water appHcations (see Water, treatment of swimming pools, spas, AND HOTTUBs), which further explains their importance as process biocides rather than preservatives. Some uses in latex films and plastics have been claimed (14,15). Primary quaternary ammonium industrial antimicrobial agents and their producers are presented in Table 4. 

Miscellaneous, New, and Developmental Antimicrobial Agents. Table 11 shows some of the antimicrobials that do not neady fit into the principal families. Acrolein (qv) is a unique chemical used for secondary oil recovery (43). Biobor has become the antimicrobial addition of choice for aviation fuels (44). Cbloropbtbalonil (tetrachloroisophthalnitrile [1897-45-6]) is a significant agricultural fungicide, in addition to being one of the most important latex paint film preservatives (producer, ISK). 

Disinfectant Formulations and Sterilization. Hundreds of appHcations covering disinfectant compositions using sodium chlorite have been described in U.S. and foreign patents. Some examples of these are as antimicrobial additives for latexes (166), marine antifouling agents (see Coatings, marine) (167,168), antimildew detergent compositions (169), toothpaste and solution compositions for prevention and treatment of periodontal oral disease (see Dentifrices) (170—172), and compositions for the disinfection of contact lenses (qv) (173). 

A number of disinfectants apparentiy owe their activity to formaldehyde, although there is argument on whether some of them function by other mechanisms. In this category, the dmg with the longest history is hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine, urotropin) [100-97-0] which is a condensation product of formaldehyde and ammonia that breaks down by acid hydrolysis to produce formaldehyde. Hexamine was first used for urinary tract antisepsis. Other antimicrobials that are adducts of formaldehyde and amines have been made others are based on methylolate derivations of nitroalkanes. The apphcations of these compounds are widespread, including inactivation of bacterial endotoxin preservation of cosmetics, metal working fluids, and latex paint and use in spin finishes, textile impregnation, and secondary oil recovery (117). 

Another compound, the antimicrobial action of which is associated with chelation, is 2-pyridinethiol-A/-oxide [3811-73-2] (Omadine). Activity has been shown to depend on coordinating property. The iron chelate is active, but not the free pyridine compound (200). In the form of its zinc chelate it is found in shampoos to control seborrheic dermatitis (201). Other appHcations of this useful chemical include preservation of adhesives, plastics, latex paints, polyurethane foam, and metal working fluids (202). 

Use Antimicrobial, preservative for coating formulations, latexes, emulsions, oil recovery, and metalworking fluids. 

For decades, manufacturers of latex coatings had to employ separate biocides to preserve paint in the can and prevent mildew growth on dry film because none of the available products had the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy required to serve in both capacities. Rohm Haas has a novel isothiazolinone biocide that provides paint manufacturers with a highly effective, two-for-one alternative to conventional biocide packages and eliminates the need for separate in-can preservatives and mildewcides. Rozone 2000 biocide has low water... 

Amerstat . [Drew Ind. Div.] Combination of isothiazolin comp. antimicrobial, preservative in industrial water systems, latex, adhesives, oil recovery systems, metalworicing fluids sugar and paper mill slimicide. 

Azo. [Asarco] Zinc oxide antimicrobial, fungistat for paints uv stabilizer, accelerator-acdvator and reinforcing pigment in plastics, rubbers, latex, wire and cable compds., ceramics. 

DowidI . [Dow Dow Eur< ] Quaier-nium-lS or blends antimicrobial, preservative for adhesives, latex emulsions, paints, metal cutting fluids, drilling muds, detergents, p r coatings. 

Durotoc . [Morum Int L Mruton Int l. NV SA] Antimicrobial, mildew- uoofing agent for plastics, latex carpet backing, dry film preservative, filiation papers. 

Giv-Gard DXNGivaudan-Roure] 6-Acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-ni-dioxane antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide for industrial emulsions, fiber lubricants, spin finishes, sizes, teners, wax and silicone emulsions, thickener sol ns., latex binders, inks, dyestufk. 

Keyclde . [Witco] Tributyltin oxide mildewcid antimicrobial for PVAc latex paints. 

Temasept [Hexcel] Salicylanilide antimicrobial for resins, latexes, plastics. 

Vancide . [R.T. Vanderbilt] Fuiigicide, antimicrobial, preservative for latex, rubber, cosmetics, cutting fluids, coolants paper mill slimicide used in petioL straege tanks, recirculating cooling towers, paper and paperboard, cotton fabric. 

Diiodomethyl)sulphonyl)toluene EPA Pesticide Chem-ical Code 101002. Mildewcide, fungicide for latex paints, emulsions, caulks, adhesives and sealants, and in lumber, construction, home improvement, textile, and automotive industries. Registered by EPA as an antimicrobial, fungicide and herbicide. Angus Dow Chem. U.S.A. Kop-Coat Inc. Thomson Research Associates. 

In addition, certain plant cells maintain high levels of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (constitutive chemicals) such as various phenols, flavenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, or cyanogenic glycosides [116, 118-120], These products are often found in strategically located sites such as epidermal tissues or latex. Some of these products are activated by... 

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