Emulsifiers, polymer

Polymerization takes place, in the following manner in the presence of suitable peroxide catalyst these compounds polymerize with themselves (homopolymerizatiOn) in aqueous emulsion. When the reaction is complete, the emulsified polymer may be used directly or the emulsion coagulated to yield the solid polymer (312). A typical polymerization mixture is total monomer (2-vinylthiazole), 100 sodium stearate, 5 potassium persulfate, 0.3 laurylmercaptan, 0.4 to 0.7 and water, 200 parts. 

Polyvinyl chloride can also be produced in emulsion. Water is used as the emulsion medium. The particle size of the polymer is controlled using the proper conditions and emulsifier. Polymers produced by free radical initiators are highly branched with low crystallinity. 

Each concentration can be evaluated assuming no mass transport limitation and the usual priorities for the distribution of the emulsifier polymer particles > aqueous phase > micelles (12). The... 

Kato S, Noguchi J, Nomura M. Kinetics of emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) as polymeric emulsifier. Polym Mat Sci Eng 1999 80 552—553. 

The polymers used in waterborne coatings can be either soluble or dispersed in water (or a combination of water and a cosolvent). The problem of formulations containing soluble polymers is that the presence of polar/hydrophilic groups in the polymer makes the final films more sensitive to humidity. For this reason, a better solution is to formulate hydrophobic polymers that are stabilized in water by internal or external surfactants forming emulsions. Emulsified polymers have high molar masses but because they are dispersed in a particulate form, the viscosity of the media is not sensitive to their molar masses. Therefore, the physical properties are expected to be less dependent on the cure reactions. 

Polymers can be emulsified in water to produce coatings which, once chlorinated, act as contact disinfectants. These coated surfaces efficiently inactivate microbes within relatively brief contact times, i.e., several minutes. Antimicrobial latexes can be formed via the copolymerisation of an N-halamine precursor monomer with other monomers in water, in the presence of a surfactant, or by chemically grafting the N-halamine precursor monomer onto an emulsified polymer backbone, followed by chlorination. 

Emulsion-spinning to prepare bicomponent fiber from the emulsified polymer is different from that used to obtain single-component fiber. In the latter case, a polymer dissolved in the dispersed medium during spinning is completely removed from the final fiber therefore, it cannot affect the properties of the product. In the bicomponent fibers, the two polymers, one in the dispersed medium and the other in the dispersed phase, remain in the final fiber and modify its properties. 

Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane emulsifier, pollution control Ammonium dinonyl sulfosuccinate emulsifier, polymer curing chemicals Triisopropanolamine emulsifier, polymerization Ammonium laureth-30 sulfate Ammonium nonoxynol-20 sulfate Calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Cl 3-15 pareth-30 Hydrogenated tallow acid lsodeceth-9 Myristoyl sarcosine Nonoxynol-8 Nonoxynol-10 sulfate Oleth-25 Palmitic acid PEG-50 sorbitan hexaoleate Polysorbate 60 Polysorbate 80 Polysorbate 85... 

The use of static LS to follow time-dependent systems includes degradation, aggregation, dissolntion of dry and emulsified polymers, phase separation, etc. [60-62], Even... 

Core-and-shell composite particles based on inorganic cores with a polymer shell have also been investigated by several researchers, but do not seem to have reached industrial products. The reason for this is probably the high cost and possibly limited benefits of this type of latexes compared to existing products. A similar type of product is composite particles based on pre-emulsified polymers such as epoxies or polyesters (alkyds) with a subsequent addition of new monomers and polymerisation. This technique is partly connected to the process of miniemulsion polymerisation described in Section 1.2.2. A type of core-and-shell particles or at least multiphase particles may be obtained in this type of process. However, industrial applications of this type of products are not found on a large scale yet. Applications of polymer particles, mainly made by emulsion polymerisation, in the biomedical field was concentrated initially in the areas of blood flow determination and in vitro immunoassays. Microspheres have been employed for the determination of myocardial, cerebral and other blood flow and perfusion rates. Polymer particles and lattices, in particular, have been extensively used in immunoassays, starting in 1956, with the development... 

In its formulation, we can find synthetic or namral waxes (which give consistency to the formnla), emulsifiers, polymers (as viscosity conn-oiling agents, pigment dispersers, binders, etc.), powders (which ease sliding upon application and give volume to lashes), and other diverse additives. 

Emulsified polymers are higher in molecular weight, but because they... 

Uses Lubricant improving load bearing of oil-based lubricants monomer/water emulsifier polymer particle dispersant emulsifier for caustic sol ns., aliphatic soivs., solv. cleaners, dry cleaning textile antistat detergent floor cleaners EP fluids corrosion inhibitor personal care formulations Properties Cl. liq. sol. 25% in ethanol, CCI4, perchloroethylene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha, kerosene, min. oil insol. in water sp.gr. 1.02 pour pt. IOC acid no. 105 (to pH 5.5) 185 (to pH 185) surf. tens. 32.3 dynes/cm pH 2.0 (3% aq.) 100% cone. 

In addition, emulsion electrospinning has been identified as an ideal best method to encapsulate drugs/therapeutics in an emulsified polymer mixture as an encapsulated core-sheath fibres. The as-spun fibres have markedly ease the release of drugs [69-74]. Water/oil based emulsions are preferred to carry bioactives in order to overcome the challenge of incorporation and sustained release of the hydrophilic bioactive molecules (such drugs, therapeutics, etc.) from a hydrophobic polymer nanofibres [72, 73]. 

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