Antiarthritic effect

Antiarthritic effects on primary or secondary arthritis have been shown by the ethyl ester of l-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methyl-liT-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (694) (81FES315). 

It was found that E. faecium strain M-74 has an important immunostimulatory and antimutagenic properties presented both in vitro and also in vivo (Ebringer et al. 1995 Mikes et al. 1995 Eerencik et al. 1999 Belicova et al. 2004,2007). The effects of the E. faecium enriched with organic selenium was studied in methotrexate treatment in rats with adjuvant arthritis. The results indicate that E. faecium may increase the preventive effects of methotrexate in rat adjuvant arthritis by improving its anti-inflamatory and antiarthritic effects (Rovensky et al. 2002). 

Some metal compounds have been studied in vitro for their antitumoral effects and antiarthritic effects (Gielen et al. 1994, Sadler and Sue 1994), following the interac-... 

Ibuprcfen is absorbed rapidly, bound avidly to protein, and undergoes hepatic metabolism (90% is metabolized to hydroxylate or carboxylate derivatives) and renal excretion of metabolites. The tj is 2 hours. Slow equilibration with the synovial space means that its antiarthritic effects may persist after plasma levels decline. In experimental animals, ibuprofen and its metabolites readily cross the placenta. 

Captopril succeeded in suppressing oedema evolution in hind paws of Freund s arthritic Wistar rats, during all phases of the disease (Agha and Mansour 2000). During the chronic phase of inflammation, in both Freund s arthritic and mixed-type hypersensitive rats, captopril reduced the elevated serum and exudate (local) leukotriene B4 and IL-6 levels. The effect of leukotriene B4 was more pronounced in the exudate and tended to be dose-related. The antiarthritic effect of captopril was also accompanied by augmentation of serum level of protein thiols, with reduction or normalisation of elevated systemic and/or local levels of lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione. 

Shah SA, Vohora SB (1990) Boron enhances antiarthritic effects of garlic oil. Fitoterapia 61 121-126... 

Setnikar, I., Pacini, M. A., Revel, L. (1991) Antiarthritic effect of glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models. Arzneimittel Forschung, 41 542-545. 

One enantiomer of penicillamine (D-) exhibits antiarthritic properties but foe other is highly toxic (Figure 8.3). The teratogenic effects of thalidomide were induced by one enantiomer, foe other exhibited foe beneficial effects against morning sickness. 

Apart from the use and need as fragrances, the resins are marketed for medicinal use as antiarthritic and antiinflammatory pharmaceutical products. The pharmacological effects are mainly attributed to the presence of the nonvolatile pen-tacyclic triterpenoid boswellic acids. This class of ingredients is not present in the actual valuable B. frereana species hence, B. frereana plays no part in the pharmaceutical area. 

Gold sodium thiomalate provides a stimulus for liver, kidney and possibly other cells to change the body distribution of zinc and copper. Proteins such as metalloproteins, superoxide dismutase and metallothioneins19 help the cell carry out this task. These essential metals are important in the physiological processes relevant to rheumatoid arthritis, and thus it also appears possible that the gold complexes may mediate their antiarthritic activity through an effect on the metabolism of zinc and copper. 

A very large number of copper compounds have been tested for antiinflammatory activity, and various copper complexes of antiarthritic drugs have been found to be more effective than the parent drugs alone (including aspirin, D-penicillamine, ketoprofen and gold thiomalate).25... 

Adalimumab Humira Subcutaneous injection 40 mg every week if used alone 40 mg every other week if used in combination with other antiarthritic agents such as methotrexate. Relatively low incidence of serious side effects compared to other immunosuppressants. 

Two further perspectives on the use of tetracychnes in rheumatoid arthritis have been pubhshed (14,15). In addition to an effect on matrix metalloproteinases, the authors focused on a potential antiarthritic action of tetracyclines by their effects in the interaction between the generation of nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinase release, and chondrocyte apoptosis. Both minocychne and doxycycline inhibit the production of nitric oxide from human cartilage and murine macrophages (16) in concentrations that are achieved in vivo. The authors suggested that tetracyclines may have several potential chondroprotective effects direct inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity and, by inhibition of nitric oxide production, further reduction of matrix metalloproteinase activity, reversal of reduced matrix synthesis, and reduced chondrocyte apoptosis. 

Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to interfere with the natriuretic effects of thiazides (SED-11, 423). A similar interaction is seen with tenidap, an antiarthritic cytokine modulating drug (46). The salt-retaining properties of the NSAIDs probably play the central role in this interaction. 

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