Antenatal

Kir 1.1. Bartter Syndrome. Several mutations in the core region as well as in the N and C terminus of Kir 1.1 are found in patients with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome (HPS renal disorder resulting from impairment of tubular reabsorption), an antenatal form of Bartter syndrome. Some of these mutations result in the loss of function of Kiri. 1 channels causing impaired renal K+ secretion and NaCl reabsorption. 

Renal diseases Mutations in KCNJ1 disiupt the function of Kirl.l in apical renal outer medulla of the kidney. The loss of tubular K+ channel function and impaired K+ flux could prevent apical membrane potassium recycling and lead to antenatal Bartter s syndrome. 

Dorfman, A., ed. "Antenatal Diagnosis", Iftilverslty of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1972. 

Kadotanl, T. Sato, H. Ohama, K. and Takahara, H. "A Technical Note on the Antenatal Chromosome Analysis by Trans-abdomlnal Fetal Skin Biopsy". Jap. Jour. Htiman Genet., (1971), 16, 42-47. 

Golbus, M, S, "The Antenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders, in "Office Gynecology," ed, R. Glass, Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, In press. 

K. H. and Hultqulst, A. "Alpha-Fetoprotein In Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Nephrosis". Lancet, (1975), 1, 432-433. 

Metronidazole (Flagyl) Antenatal Steroids 2 g orally once Safe during pregnancy. During lactation, temporarily stop breast-feeding for 12-24 hours. 

In many localities, newborn screening has become standard for this disorder, which in the general population has an approximate incidence of 1/250,000 live births. Carrier detection is possible, either by measurement of enzymatic activity in cultured fibroblasts or by study of restriction endonuclease fragments of DNA. Antenatal testing is also available. 

The study of restriction fragment length polymorphisms is important to diagnosis. More than 80% of carriers can be detected, and antenatal diagnosis often is possible. Approximately one-third of the mothers of males and two-thirds of the mothers of females have been found to be noncarriers, reflecting the greater propensity for mutation in the male gamete. 

Citrullinemia. Neonates with AS deficiency usually die, and most survivors suffer major brain injury. Patients with a partial deficiency may have a milder course, and a few individuals with citrullinemia have been phenotypi-cally normal. The diagnosis usually is apparent from the hyperammonemia and the extreme hypercitrullinemia. The activity of AS can be determined in both fibroblasts and chorionic villus samples, thus simplifying the problem of antenatal diagnosis. 

The goal of tocolytic therapy is to postpone delivery long enough to allow for administration of antenatal corticosteroids to improve pulmonary maturity and for transportation of the mother to a facility equipped to deal with high-risk deliveries. 

A Cochrane metaanalysis shows the benefit of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation to prevent respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and death in infants delivered prematurely. 

Mizuno, K. and Ueda, A. (2004) Antenatal olfactory learning influences infant feeding. Early Human Dev. 76, 83-90. 

Storosum JG, van Zwieten BJ, Vermeulen HDB, Wohlfarth T et al (2001) Relapse and recurrence in major depression a critical review of placebo-controUed efficacy studies with special emphasis on methodological issues European Psychiatry, 16, ill- i iS Stutchfield P, Whitaker R and Russell I, on behalf of the Antenatal Steroids for Term Elective Caesarean Section (ASTECS) Research Team (2005) Antenatal betamethasone and incidence of neonatal respiratory distress after elective caesarean section pragmatic randomised trial British Medical Journal, 331, 662-667... 

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed in the psychiatric practice to treat anxiety, insomnia, and unpleasant side effects associated with other psychotropic agents. While early case-control studies found that maternal BZD exposure increased the risk of cleft lip and cleft palate, a recent meta-analysis (Dolovich et ah, 1998) examining pooled data from cohort studies published between 1966 and 1998 found no association between antenatal BZD exposure and oral cleft or other major malformations. However, when examining case-control studies published during this period, the authors did find a small, but significant, odds ratio of... 

Slone, D., Siskind, V, Heinonen, O.P., Monson, R.R., Kaufman, D.W, and Shapiro, S. (1977) Antenatal exposure to the phenothiazines in relation to congenital malformations, perinatal mortality rate, birth weight, and intelligence quotient score. Am J Obstet Gynecol 128 486 88. 

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