Restriction-fragment length polymorphisms

RFLP is a Southern blot used to detect genetic disease. 

More modem techniques for detecting mutations or differences in DNA sequences in different people can be used. These include PCR (see later) that can distinguish mutations by the length and pattern of 

Cloning is manipulating a specific piece of DNA so that it can be used to generate multiple copies of itself or the RNA and protein that it encodes. 

There are many different ways to clone a specific piece of DNA, but basically, they all involve (1) identifying and isolating the DNA you are interested in (2) putting this DNA into something (a vector) to move it around from cell to cell (3) altering the DNA sequence (4) introducing this new DNA back into cells and (5) growing the cells that have your DNA, RNA, or protein. You often do all this randomly to millions and millions of cells and then just select the few cells that got the piece of DNA you re interested in. 

It s also possible to select your DNA before you put it in the vector. If you know the sequence (or even part of it), DNA pieces (from genomic DNA or cDNA) with this sequence can be purified on a gel and identified by hybridization to an oligonucleotide using a Southern blot. Alternatively, if you know the sequence of the ends of your DNA, you can amplify it specifically by the polymerase chain reaction. There are lots of clever ways to find your DNA. 

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Hamet, P., Kong, D., Pravenec, M., Kunes, J., Kren, V., Klir, P., Sun, Y.L., Tremblay, J. (1992). Restriction fragment length polymorphism of hsp70 gene, localized in the RTl complex, is associated with hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 19,611-614. 

Restriction endonucleases facilitate diagnosis of genetic diseases by revealing restriction fragment length polymorphisms. 

The differences in DNA sequence cited above can result in variations of restriction sites and thus in the length of restriction fragments. An inherited difference in the pattern of restriction (eg, a DNA variation occurring in more than 1% of the general population) is known as a restriction fragment length polymorphism,... 

Mizutani, H., Ohbayashi, K., Umetsu, K. and Hiraoka, N. 1993. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of medicinal plants and crude drugs. 11. Analysis of Glehnia littoralis of different geographical origin. Biol. Pharm Bull. 16 611-612. 

Degradation of contaminants may occur with bacteria that have been isolated from pristine environments without established exposure to the contaminants, and exhibit no dependence on substrate concentration. For example, organisms from a previously unexposed forest soil were able to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at concentrations up to 5000 ppm, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that at concentrations up to 500 ppm, the bacterial community was unaltered (Sanchez et al. 2004). 

The first human DNA SRM developed by NIST was designed in the late 1980 s to standardize Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) procedures which at that time were very new developments in the application of DNA to forensic analysis. 

Budowle B and Baechtel FS (1990) Modifications to improve the effectiveness of restriction fragment length polymorphism typing appMed theories. Electrophoresis 1 181-187. 

A. Darras.se. S. Priou, A. Kotoujansky, and Y. Beilheau, PCR and restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism of a pel gene to identify Erwinia ccirotovoro in relation to potato disi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 1443 (1994). 

Sato, T. Hu, J. P Ohki, K. Yamaura, M. Washio, J. Matsuyama, J. Takahashi, N. Identification of mutans streptococci by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2003,18, 323-326. 

Hara, W., Sosnicki, S., and Banno, Y. et al. 2007. Mapping analysis of carotenoid-binding protein of Bombyx mori by restriction fragment length polymorphism. J. Insect Biotechnol. Sericol., 76(3) 149-154. 

PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis... 

Saperstein, D. and Nickerson, J.M. (1991) Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using PCR coupled to restriction digests. BioTechniques 10, 488-489. 

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) Variation between individuals in DNA fragment sizes cut by specific restriction enzymes. RFLPs are usually caused by mutation at a cutting site. 

FISH, terminal restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis (rRNA-based molecular techniques) and comparative 16S rDNA analysis... 

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