Animation, real-time

Animation, real-time, 58 Applications graphics, 46 robots, 13 Audit trails, 34 Automation goals, 3 planning, 4,6 problems, 1... 

The use of optical immune biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the diagnostics of human and animal diseases as well as for environmental pollution monitoring, is one of prospective directions in biosensorics. The sensitivity of immune biosensors is similar to the ELIS A-method but the simphcity of obtaining results in the real time regime and the speed of the analysis are the main advantages of the biosensor approach. Performance of optical biosensors based on SPR depends on the state of the metallic surface as well as on the density, structure and the space volume of the immobilized molecules. It was demonstrated that the application of intermediate layers between the transducer surface and the sensitive biological molecules can optimize the working characteristics of the immune biosensor [7-14]. 

The assumption that the effects on brain reward mechanisms in animals produced by acute administration of addictive drugs (the brain reward enhancement measured electrophysiologically and the DA enhancement measured neurochemically in Acb) has relevance to self-reported euphoria at the human level is supported by real-time, in-vivo, positron emission tomography studies of DA transporter occupancy in human brain loci following acute cocaine administration (Volkow et al. 

Pusterla, N. Huder, J. B. Leutenegger, . M. Braun, U. Madigan, J. E. Lutz, H. Quantitative real-time PCR for detection of members of the Ehrlichia phagocyto-phila genogroup in host animals and Ixodes ricinus ticks. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1999, 37(5), 1329-1331. 

Supercritical fluid extraction system - Hewlett Packard Model 7680A totally automated system with unlimited-capacity reciprocating pump, specially designed extraction chamber with safety interlocks, a variable restrictor nozzle and analyte collection trap. The operation of the extractor is controlled by a personal computer which is a Microsoft Windows-based system. An animated status screen provides real-time monitoring of the extraction process. Table II gives the SFE conditions for the HP extractor. 

Molecular Mechanics Features ChemSite performs energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulation. Available force fields include Amber, mm2 and the ChemSite s default cm+ force field for accurate calculations with almost any molecule. The program performs real time animation of energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulation with small to medium size molecules. With large molecules such as proteins, movies of molecular dynamics simulations may be recorded to disk and played back for real time animation. 

In the reaction Rl the rupture of the first C-N bond is followed by the rupture of the first N-N02 bond (release of the nitrogroup), as one can see in the Fig. 2a. Then the rest of the molecule is gradually totally decomposed. Reaction R2 starts with the rupture of three C-N bonds and subsequent break up of the molecule into three CH2NN02 fragments (see Fig. 2b). Afterwards the N02 groups are released from these fragments. Dynamics trajectory enables the animation of molecular motion with the time resolution lfs and the visualization of the molecular decomposition process in real time. 

Gueza JS, Cassar JP, Wartelle F, Dhulster P, Suhr FF (2004), Real time in situ microscopy for animal cell-concentration monitoring during high density culture in bioreactor, J. Biotechnol. 111 335-343. 

Konstantinov K, Chuppa S, Sajan E, Tsai Y, Yoon S, Golini F (1994), Real-time biomass-concentration monitoring in animal-cell cultures, Trends Biotechnol. 12 324-333. 

Yoon S, Konstantinov KB (1994), Continuous, real-time monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in animal cell bioreactors, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44 983-990. 

Animation, graphics that change, can be eye-catching, as web advertisers have discovered. For conveying real-time on-line processes, simple animations can be informative. Take for example, the bar that appears when... 

No doubt the most valuable in vivo technique for studying metabolism is NMRS. Although in vivo NMRS is a powerful technique providing real-time data, it is hampered by high cost, problems with sensitivity, low resolution, the need for anesthetizing the animal (of course this is not necessary for human subjects), and lack... 

Blackie J, Dean A, Konstantinov K Naveh D (1998) Real-time imaging for monitoring of mammalian cell culture processes. In Merten OW Griffiths B (eds) Animal Cell Technology New Developments and New Applications. Kluwer, Dordrecht, in press. 

Navigation. In an animation-based visualization, a full animation sequence has to be generated, in case it becomes necessary to assess a dataset from a different viewpoint. This makes this approach completely unsuitable for an explorative analysis. In VR, the user can navigate through the dataset in real-time, actually allowing an explorative analysis within a reasonable time. Besides interactivity, a further benefit of IVR is that - depending... 

As in other application areas that examine flow phenomena, in plastics processing numerical simulations replace the common model-based experiment. With increasing complexity, the requirements on the methods for the visualization rise. Traditionally, visualization software allows the simple animation of transient data sets. This is not enough for the interactive exploration of complex flow phenomena, which is, in contrast to a confirmative analysis, comparable to an undirected search in the visualization parameters for a maximum insight into the simulation. In a worst case scenario, important features of a flow are not detected. Due to this fact, the interactive explorative analysis in a real-time virtual environment is demanded by scientists. 

Fig. 3 Diagram of Real Time QuIC RT-QuIC and comparison of end-point dilution titrations of scrapie brain homogenate by RT-QuIC with animal bioassay. (Top panel) RT-QuIC analysis of normal and scrapie brain homogenate (BH) dilutions using hamster (90-231) rPrPc as a substrate. (Bottom panel) Comparison of hamster brain homogenate end point dilution titrations by RT-QuIC and animal bioassay. The Spearman-Karber estimate of the SD50 (i.e., seeding dose giving sufficient Thioflavin T fluorescence in half of the replicate wells) per 2 pL of neat brain tissue is indicated. Graphs adapted from [55]...

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