And the immune system

G. Siskiud, "Agiug and the Immune System," iu H. R. Warner, ed.. Modem Biological Theories ofMging Raven Press, New York, 1987, pp. 235-242. 

A number of chemical compounds are potent sensitizers that can lead to serious immunological reactions. Immunotoxicology explores interactions between chemical compounds and the immune system. Chemicals can amplify, attenuate, or otherwise modify immunological reactions subsequent to exposure. - ... 

Stauffer [stauff92] reports that the concentration of cells in this system quickly saturates. For low initial concentrations po, the viral population wins over the population of cells of the immune system and the system can be said to develop Aids. For larger po, the population of helper T cells becomes greater than that of the virus and the immune system wins. 

Rittner HL, Brack A, Stein C (2008) Pain and the immune system. Br J Anaesth 101 40-44 Rock RB, Hu S, Sheng WS, Peterson PK (2006) Morphine stimulates CCL2 production by human neurons. J Neuroinflammation 3 32... 

Cabral GA. Marijuana and the immune system. In Nahas GG et al., eds. Marijuana and Medicine. Totowa, NJ Humana Press, 1999. 

Although many animal models for iron overload exist, some mimicking certain aspects of HH, the 32-microglobulin knockout mouse is of special interest as it revealed for the first time crucial aspects of the pathogenesis of human HH in an animal model, and also because it underlines the important links between iron metabolism and the immune system. Hepatic iron overload in 32-microglobulin ( 32m)-deficient mice appeared to be similar to that found in HH, with pathological iron depositions occurring predominantly in liver parenchymal cells (de Sousa et ah,... 

Autoimmune diseases in which immunological self-tolerance breaks down and the immune system launches an attack on self-antigens. 

Aguzzi, A. Prions and the immune system a journey through gut, spleen, and nerves. Adv. Immunol. 81 123-171, 2003. 

Neubert, R., G. Golor, R. Stahlmann, H. Helge, and D. Neubert. 1992. Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the immune system. 4. Effects of multiple-dose treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations of a non-human primate (Callithrix jacchus). Arch. Toxicol. 66 250-259. 

Another site of action for opioids is through the regulatory actions of the central nervous system (CNS) on the immune system. Substantial evidence supports the existence of a complex, bidirectional link between the CNS and the immune system (e.g., [65]). Experimental evidence indicates that morphine s immunomodulatory effects involve central opioid receptors. An initial study by Shavit and colleagues [12] found that systemic administration of morphine, but not N-methylmorphine (a form of morphine which does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier), produces a naltrexone-reversible suppression of splenic natural killer cell activity in the rat. That same study showed that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of morphine dose-dependently suppresses... 

The immunotoxicology of metals in fishes has been reviewed elsewhere [74-76, 45], Overall, the immune systems of fishes are highly sensitive to metals, although the effects are not always suppression of immune functions. Burnett [76] demonstrated that low levels of metals increased intracellular calcium, increased protein phosphorylation, and stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in fish. Since most metals are toxic to both the nervous system and the immune system, a neuroendocrine-immune link to immuno-toxicity from metal exposure is likely. 

Schorr, E. and Arnason, B., Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system, Brain Behav. Immun., 13, 271, 1999. 

Clearly an important part of understanding stress-related disorders is to better define the chemistry of psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrine response patterns over time, from the healthy and time-limited to unhealthy and sustained individual. There is growing evidence that a physiological communication exists between the brain and the immune system. Several studies have shown that the white blood cells of the immune... 

With this background there is an obvious call for novel strategies to follow changes of complex molecular patterns of different stress-related diseases over days, weeks, months, and years as an effect of lifestyle and the psychosocial environment to reflect the effects of unhealthy environments. The molecular interactions between the brain and the immune system in health and disease are reflected in the circulatory system as the white blood cells, the lymphocytes, mimic ongoing activities in the brain. By using lymphocytes from patients with psychosomatic-psychiatric diseases we can find detailed information about protein-peptide translational modifications and transformation essential for the development of new approaches that can prevent and treat major psychiatric diseases. 

Kierszenbaum, F. (1994) Parasitic Infections and the Immune System (Academic, San Diego), pp. 163-164. 

Research will be important in providing biomedical solutions to the disease itself. Research in such areas as the virology of HIV and the immune system will provide clues for possible therapies and cures. Epidemiological research may give us more information about how the virus spreads in populations and what kind of public health measures might be effective in controlling the disease. Finally, clinical research will test and validate new therapies for the disease. 

Recently, more importance is given to the link between the integrity of the mucosal epithelium on one side and the immune system on the... 

Baj Z, Majewska E, Zeman K, et al. 1994. The effect of chronic exposure to formaldehyde, phenol and organic chlorohydrocarbons on peripheral blood cells and the immune system in humans. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol 4 186-191. 

Figure 1. Hypothetical interactions between infectious agents, oxLDL and the immune system in atherogenesis.

Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Vizi SS The sympathetic nerve - an integrative interface between two supersystems the brain and the immune system. Pharmacol Rev 2000 52 595-628. 

Defence Against Pathogens Barriers, Enzymes and the Immune System... 

CH 17 DEFENCE AGAINST PATHOGENS BARRIERS, ENZYMES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM... 

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