Amines and related compounds

Many of the tertiary amines have been used either as acid acceptors, or as catalysts in the preparation of chloroformates. The catalytic mode of action is probably the result of the formation of the inherently unstable salt-like intermediate [RjNCOCljCl, which is Itself a reactive acylating agent. 

The importance of this class of reactions is reflected in the number of reviews devoted to the subject [79a,96,578,1782b,2036a]. The following Section has been written with due deference to these useful sources. 

NHj St 3500-3300 Of variable intensity, generally 2 sharp bands, Av = 65-75 At lower wavenumbers ( 3200) and broader if H-bonded. Free and H-bonded forms often simultaneously observed In primary aromatic amines, additional combination band at s 3200 

NH3+8 1600-1460 Medium, often more than one band weak in aliphatic amines 

General Name CAS No. Formula Molecular weight Solubility Refractive index Diethanolamine 111-42-2 C4H-1 - NO2 105.14 g h2o 1.47 NH  

Spectra acquisition Solvent Concentration pH Pathlength Reference product Purity h2o 19.9 mg/L 7.4 10 mm LABOSI (Fisher) Pure 99% OH X5H 

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Air Monitoring. The atmosphere in work areas is monitored for worker safety. Volatile amines and related compounds can be detected at low concentrations in the air by a number of methods. Suitable methods include chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. For example, the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods has methods based on gas chromatography which are suitable for common aromatic and aHphatic amines as well as ethanolamines (67). Aromatic amines which diazotize readily can also be detected photometrically using a treated paper which changes color (68). Other methods based on infrared spectroscopy (69) and mass spectroscopy (70) have also been reported. 

P. Newman, Optical Resolution Procedures for Chemical Compounds, Vol. 1 (Amines and Related Compounds), Optical Resolution Information Center, New York, 1978 H. Nohira ia Chemical Society of Japan, eds., Kikan Kagaku Sosetsu (No. 6, Resolution of Optical Isomers), Gakkai Shuppan Senta, Tokyo, Japan, 1989, Chapt. 4, pp. 45—54. 

Schwarz, D.P., Sheraian, J.T. "Improved N-Chloiinatkn ProceduR for Detecting Amides, Amines and Related Compounds on lliin-Layer Chtomatagrams", J. Chmmatogr. 19K1, 2 206-208. 

The reactions of phosphorus pentachloride and diphenyltrichloro-phosphorane with amines and related compounds are reported in Chapter 9. The n.m.r. spectra of phosphine-phosphorus pentafluoride adducts have been described (see Chapter 11 for details). 

P. Newman, Optical Resolution Procedures for Chemical Compounds, Vol. 1 Amines and Related Compounds, Optical Resolution Information Center, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, 1978. 

Structure of quaternary amines and related compounds of ecological significance. 

Tuazon, E. C., R. Atkinson, S. M. Aschmann, and J. Arey, Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of 03 with Amines and Related Compounds, Res. Chem. IrUermed., 20, 303-320 (1994). 

Arcos, J.C. and Argus, M.F. (1974) Chemical Induction of Cancer. Structural Bases and Biologic Mechanism, Vol. II B, Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds, Academic Press, New York. 

As mentioned above, it is difficult to find organic compounds which are suitable as redox catalysts for oxidations. This is the case because organic cation radicals, which are mostly the active forms in indirect electrochemical oxidations, are usually easily attacked by nucleophiles, thus eliminating them from the regenerative cycle. Therefore, the cation radicals must be stabilized towards the reaction with nucleophiles. Nelson et al. demonstrated that the cation radicals of triaryl amines and related compounds are very stable if the para positions of the aryl... 

Conversion of ketoesters into various bicyclic amines and related compounds can also be effected according to Scheme 4.43... 

A variety of heterocycles can be prepared from the reaction of bifunctional amines and related compounds with 1,3,5-triazine (equation 3). Similarly, 1,2,4-triazole is formed from hydrazine hydrochloride (Scheme 9) <63AG(E)309). 

Metcalfe, L.D. and Martin, R.J., Gas chromatography of positional isomers of long chain amines and related compounds, Anal. Chem., 44, 403, 1972. 

Lane, E.S., Thin-layer chromatography of long-chain tertiary amines and related compounds, J. Chromatogr., 18, 426, 1965 Chem. Abs., 63, 7630f, 1965. 

Active Constituents D-lysergic acid amine and related compounds. Effects LSD-like experience with extreme lassitude. Nausea may be experienced during first hour or two. Total experience lasta bout 6 hours. Tranquil feelings may continue for 12 or more hours afterwards. 

Clayson, D.B., Garner, R.C., "Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds," "Chemical Carcinogens," C.E. Searle, Ed., pp. 366-A61, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1976. 

Williams, J. Michael, Deamination of Carbohydrate Amines and Related Compounds, 31, 9-79... 

Swan. G. A., Studies of the reaction of benzoyl peroxide with N,N-disubstituted aromatic amines and related compounds. V, J. Chem. Soc. C, 2880, 1971. 

Ring closure in the 4-position of the piperidine nucleus by an intramolecular Claisen condensation of di-(/3-carbethoxyethyl)-amines and related compounds leads to 4-pipetidones in excellent yields. ... 

Fig. 4-17. Reactions of ferrocenylalkyl amines and related compounds at chiral carbon.

C8. Clayson, D. B., JuU, J. W., and Bonser, G. M., The testing of ortho hydroxy-amines and related compounds by bladder implantation and a discussion of their structural requirements for carcinogenic activity. Brit. J. Cancer 12, 222-230 (1958). 

Bhat KL, Hayik S, Sztandera L, Bock CW. Mutagenicity of aromatic and heteroaromatic amines and related compounds A QSAR investigation. QSAR Combin Sci. 2005 24(7) 831 13. 

Shlyapintokh, V.Ya. Ivanov, V.B. Antioxidant action of sterically hindered amines and related compounds. In Developments in Polymer Stabilisation Scott, G., Ed. Applied Science London, 1982 Vol. 5, 41-70. 

It must also be remembered that some fluoroorganic compounds are, if ingested, degraded to toxic metabolites. This phenomenon occurs with w-fluoro fatty adds, aldehydes, alcohols, amines, and related compounds - because of metabolic oxidation of fatty acids by step-wise cleavage of C2 units, w-fluoro fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms end up as toxic fluoroacetate (e. g. 

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