Amines from nitro compounds

Nitro compounds from amines—Oxido compounds from ethylene derivatives s. 17,151... 

Hydrogen peroxide/sulfuric acid Nitroso and nitro compounds from amines... 

Hydrogen peroxide/trifluoroacetic acid Nitro compounds from amines NH NO2... 

Electrolytic reductions generally caimot compete economically with chemical reductions of nitro compounds to amines, but they have been appHed in some specific reactions, such as the preparation of aminophenols (qv) from aromatic nitro compounds. For example, in the presence of sulfuric acid, cathodic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with a free para-position leads to -aminophenol [123-30-8] hy rearrangement of the intermediate N-phenyl-hydroxylamine [100-65-2] (61). 

Synthesis of aromatic nitro compounds from aromatic amines... 

Barek et al. have reported on the determination of AT-nitroso compounds, azo compounds, heterocychcs, aromatic nitro compounds, heterocychc amines and even benzyl chloride using electrochemical methods such as voltammetry and polarog-raphy. The nitro and AT-nitroso compounds work particularly well in reductive mode [47, 48]. For appropriate analytes, adsorptive stripping voltammetry and anodic stripping voltammetry can give orders of magnitude lower detection hmits than are available from HPLC with electrochemical detection [48]. 

Grob RL, Cao KB. 1990. High-performance liquid chromatographic study of the recovery of aromatic amine and nitro compounds from soil. J Environ Sci Health Part A Environ Sci Eng... 

Polymerization inhibitors stop or slow down polymerization by reacting with the initiator or growing-chain radicals. A wide variety of substances can behave as inhibitors quinones, hydroquinones, aromatic nitro compounds, aromatic amines, and so on. In cases where the inhibitor is a hydrogen donor (symbolized here by InH), then for inhibition to occur, the radical resulting from hydrogen transfer (In-) must be too stable to add to monomer. If it does add to monomer and starts a new chain, chain transfer occurs instead of inhibition. For perfect inhibition, the In- radicals must combine with themselves (or initiator radicals) to give inert products ... 

The great structural diversity of nitrogen-containing compounds, ranging from imines and azo compounds to nitro compounds and amines, is connected to its diverse but characteristic photochemical reactivity (Table 6.15). The presence of a lone electron pair on nitrogen in chromophores containing an N=X bond (X=N, C) indicates that both the n,Jt and n,n excited states can be involved in the reactions. While E Z isomerization is a typical reaction for both imines and azo compounds (entry 1), the latter chromophores may additionally... 

Sym. disulfides from halides with simultaneous reduction of nitro compounds to amines... 

Addition of triethyl amine to Rh(PPhs)3Cl or to complexes formed from [Rh(l,5-hexadiene)Cl]2 and phosphines under hydrogen yields very active catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds to amines. The dark brown homogeneous catalyst solutions show highest activity at molar ratios of Rh/PRs/EtsN = 1 1.2 3. Turnovers above 1 mol H2/mol Rh min are achieved. 

Sulfoxidation. Heteroatom oxidation catalyzed by (halo)peroxidases has been observed in a variety of organic compounds. Ai-Oxidation in amines, for instance, can lead to the formation of the corresponding aliphatic A-oxides or aromatic nitroso or nitro compounds. From a preparative standpoint, however, sulfoxidation of thioethers is of greater importance since it was shown to proceed in a highly stereo- and enantioselective fashion. Moreover, depending on the source of the haloperoxidase, chiral sulfoxides of opposite configuration could be obtained (Scheme 2.179). 

Carbonic add diesters are very attractive reagents and of great economic interest because they represent safe, nonenvironmentally acceptable alternatives to phosgene for carbonylation and carboxylation reactions. For example, methoxycarboxylation with dimethyl carbonate offers an eco-friendly alternative route for the production of carbamates and isocyanates, which are valuable precursors of ureas (see Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2) [781, 782]. The method is comparable, from an environmental point of view, with the transition metal catalyzed carbonylation of nitro compounds and amines with CO. 

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