American Society of Testing Materials ASTM

Test Methods. In addition to that provided by proper sampling and rephcation of analysis, a test method also has a significant impact on the accuracy and precision of the results. Preferred methods are those which are accepted in the chemical industry such as those from the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AO AC), or from compendia such as the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) or the Pood Chemical Codex (FCC) (36). The use of such methods eliminates the need for method vahdation. 

The design practices compiled in this volume were derived firom the literature of the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), the American Petroleum Institute (API), the ANSI Codes, a review of company specific literature including company design practices and general publications, and the author s personal notes compiled over the years as a consultant and practicing engineer, as well as an instructor to Venezuelan refinery and chemical plant operations. 

American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM), E-119. Method of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA. 

The technical term for the study of and the measurement of viscosity is rheology. Viscosity measurements can be made in a variety of ways. The simplest method is to determine the time it takes for a metal ball to fall through a specified distance of a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) specifies several methods for the determination of viscosity of specific substances using this method. When the radius of the ball is small compared to the radius of the graduated cylinder, the viscosity will be... 

Independent Methods. In the absence of appropriate certified reference materials one may have to rely upon in-house materials that can be analyzed by independent methods (other than the candidate method). These independent methods should include a reference method and other methods that utilize different physical/chemical principles for analyte quantification. Reference methods are generally arrived at by concensus following extensive accuracy testing by a large number of laboratories. The American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) is one of the largest compilers of reference methods. Additional information on the use of reference methods may be found in a paper by Cali and Reed (.2),... 

Elastomer Types According to American Society of Testing Materials-ASTM D2000... 

Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for V Exposure of Non-metaUic Materials. American Society of Test Materials (ASTM) Designation G154-00ael. 

The Gaseous Fuels committee (D-03) of the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) has presently initiated work to establish a standard practice outlining the requirements necessary for a calibration gas to be recognized as NBS traceable. With the availability of the NBS certified gases and... 

As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (Hess, 1991 Herd et al., 1992), surface area is directly linked to the size of primary particles so that American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) has chosen this parameter for carbon black nomenclature. More precisely, ASTM nomenclature includes four digits, the first one relates to vulcanization speed (N as normal or S as slow), then tree numbers, which first correspond to the primary particle diameter. 

American Society of Testing Materials, (ASTM), ASTM E1445-08, Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals, American Society of Testing Materials International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008. 

Fly ash, an oxide-rich waste product from thermal power plants, can be used as raw material for different industries after proper treatment. In India, some attention has been paid to the proper utilisation of fly ash, however, only 3% of it is being utilised, mostly in the manufacture of pozzolonic cement, ready-made hollow blocks, asbestos sheets, in road embankments and for agricultural purposes. Two classes of fly ash are defined by the American Society of Testing Material (ASTM) ... 

The objective in this study was to compare the long-term performance of these oils. To do this, changes in chemical and physical properties of the used oils were monitored using American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standard test methods [2]. Typically, used engine oil analyses include measurements of viscosity, acid and base numbers, water, glycol, soot, and metals content. In addition to the standard tests, fuel economy, deposit-forming tendencies, and friction and wear characteristics were determined on new and used oil samples in this study. 

---