Technical terms

The following are technical terms commonly used in the plastics additives sector  

A crystalline form of titanium dioxide (Ti02) in which every TiOe octahedron in the crystal lattice has three edges common to other TiOf, octahedra. 

---

Defines over 2,000 literary terms (including lesser known, foreign language and technical terms) explained with illustrations from literature past and present. 

Nomenclature is the compilation of descriptions of things and technical terms in a special field of knowledge, the vocabulary ofa technical language. In the history of chemistry, a systematic nomenclature became significant only rather late. In the early times of alchemy, the properties of the substance or its appearance played a major role in giving a compound a name. Libavius was the first person who tried to fix some kind of nomenclature in Alckeinia in 1,597. In essence, he gave names to chemical equipment and processes (methods, names that are often still valid in our times. 

Mechanisms. Mechanism is a technical term, referring to a detailed, microscopic description of a chemical transformation. Although it falls far short of a complete dynamical description of a reaction at the atomic level, a mechanism has been the most information available. In particular, a mechanism for a reaction is sufficient to predict the macroscopic rate law of the reaction. This deductive process is vaUd only in one direction, ie, an unlimited number of mechanisms are consistent with any measured rate law. A successful kinetic study, therefore, postulates a mechanism, derives the rate law, and demonstrates that the rate law is sufficient to explain experimental data over some range of conditions. New data may be discovered later that prove inconsistent with the assumed rate law and require that a new mechanism be postulated. Mechanisms state, in particular, what molecules actually react in an elementary step and what products these produce. An overall chemical equation may involve a variety of intermediates, and the mechanism specifies those intermediates. For the overall equation... 

Requirements. Automotive brakes must satisfy a certain set of consumer expectations, which iacludes safety, comfort, durabiUty, and reasonable cost. In technical terms, these expectations are translated iato a set of specific requirements such as high and stable friction, no or minimal vibration and noise, and low wear rates for the friction material and rotor mating surfaces, all of which have to be achieved simultaneously at a reasonable cost. Particularly, the performance has to be stable under varying appHcation conditions over extremes ia temperature, humidity, speed, and deceleration rate for occasional or many consecutive stops. The requirements for use ia machines are less stringent. 

When we talk about this subject, the term foulant or foulant layer comes to the forefront. Foulant, or fouling layer, are general terms for deposits on or in the membrane that adversely affect filtration. The term "fouling" is often used indiscriminately in reference to any phenomenon that results in reduced product rates. "Fouling" in this casual sense can involve several distinct phenomena. These phenomena can be desirable or undesirable, reversible or irreversible. Different technical terms apply to each of these possibilities. 

The main purpose with flow visualization is to make the airflow field or the emission and transport of air contaminants visible and thereby possible to study. In technical terms, flow visualization gives possibilities to study airflow field and contaminant dispersion and changes in it depending on general changes in geometry, boundary conditions, inlet and exhaust airflow, etc. It is... 

Terminology Relating to current word usage of technical terms. 

Fach-ausdruck, m. technical term or expression, -bildung, /. professional education, technical education, -blatt, n. = Fachzeitschrift. facheln, v.t. fan. 

Kunst,/. art profession skill work (of art). Kunst-. artificial synthetic technical art. -asphalt, m. pitch, -ausdruck, m. technical term, -baumwolle,/. artificial cotton, -ben-zin, n. synthetic gasoline, -bronze, f. art bronze, -butter, /. artificial butter, oleomargarine. -darm, m. artificial gut, synthetic saiisage casing, -druck, m. art printing. -dUnger, m. artificial manure, fertilizer, -eis,... 

Kimst-werk, n. work of art. -wolle, /. artificial wool, specif, wool reclaimed from old fabrics, shoddy, -wort, n. technical word, technical term. 

Technical term for properties of electrical or neural circuits (flip-flop switch) to rest in two distinct states while avoiding intermediate states (e.g., behavioral state sleep-wake transitions). 

Longer carbon chains can also be added, such as carboxyethyl groups, or carboxypropyl groups. Adding bulky functional components like carboxymethyl and carboxyethyl groups reduces the tendency of the starch to recrystallize. When the starch stays as a gel, a product is softer, and we refer to it as fresh. When the starch regains its crystalline form, the product becomes firmer, and we refer to it as stale. The technical term for this recrystallization is starch retrogradation. 

In this section we start, as in valence-bond theory, with a simple molecule, H2, and in the following sections extend the same principles to more complex molecules and solids. In every case, molecular orbitals are built by adding together—the technical term is superimposing—atomic orbitals belonging to the valence shells of the atoms in the molecule. For example, a molecular orbital for Fi2 is... 

Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms" Chief, McGraw-Hill, New York (1978)... 

The technical terms homogeneity and inhomogeneity defined in analytical chemistry must be distinguished from the physicochemical concept of homogeneity and heterogeneity (Danzer and Ehrlich [1984]). Whereas the thermodynamical definition refers to morphology and takes one-phase-or multi-phase states of matter as the criterion, the analytical-chemical definition is based on the concentration function... 

Chemistry Connections The Chemical Basis of Everyday Phenomena highlights the fundamental role of chemical principles in governing our everyday experiences and observations. This collection of contemporary real-world examples of chemistry in action is written in a question-and-answer format with presentations in both lay and technical terms of the chemical principles underlying numerous familiar phenomena and topical curiosities. Introductory college chemistry students and educators as well as laypersons with an inquisitiveness about the world around them will find the book an informative introduction to the context of chemistry in their lives. 

When a metal is in contact with its metal ion in solution, an equilibrium potential is established commonly referred to as Nernst potential (Er). Metal deposition occurs at potentials negative of Er, and dissolution for E > Er. However, when a metal is deposited onto a foreign metal substrate, which will always be the case for the initial stages of deposition, it is frequently observed that the first monolayer on the metal is deposited at potentials which are positive of the respective Nernst potential [37, 38]. This apparent violation for Nernst s law simply arises from the fact that the interaction between deposit metal and substrate is stronger than that between the atoms of the deposit. This effect has been termed underpotential deposition (upd), to contrast deposition processes at overpotentials. (One should keep in mind, however, that despite the symmetrical technical terms the physical origins of both effects are quite different. While the reason for an overpotential is solely due to kinetic hindrance of the deposition process, is that for underpotential deposition found in the energetics of the adatom-substrate interaction.)... 

The technical term for the study of and the measurement of viscosity is rheology. Viscosity measurements can be made in a variety of ways. The simplest method is to determine the time it takes for a metal ball to fall through a specified distance of a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) specifies several methods for the determination of viscosity of specific substances using this method. When the radius of the ball is small compared to the radius of the graduated cylinder, the viscosity will be... 

See the Glossary for a definition of "reactivity" and numerous other technical terms. 

Resolution, on the other hand, is a more technical term. It refers to the distance between adjacent bands relative to their bandwidths and acknowledges the fact that proteins are distributed in Gaussian profiles with overlapping distributions. The numerical expression for resolution is obtained by dividing the distance between the centers of adjacent bands by some measure of their average bandwidths. It expresses the distance between band centers in units of bandwidth and gives a measure of the overlap between two adjacent bands. For preparative applications, when maximal purity is desired, two proteins to be isolated should be separated by at least a bandwidth. In many applications it is sufficient to be able to simply discern that two bands are distinct. In this case bands can be less than a bandwidth apart. 

Several references have been made to the amount of chemical in a given amount of medium. The technical term that describes this relationship is concentration, sometimes referred to as level. The concentrations of... 

In technical terms, the 50—50 split, the absence of an association, is called the null hypothesis. An outcome demonstrating an association is one in which the null hypothesis is shown to be incorrect. 

Use ic as a nontechnical encyclopedia. The glossary in the back has nearly 300 technical terms and is blessedly nontechnical. And if you cant find what you need in the index at the very end of the book, you should have gone to engineering school because you now have a job where you re in over your head. 

---