American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM

Sieves are often referred to by their mesh size, which is the number of wires per hnear unit. The U.S. Standard Sieve Series as described by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) document E-11-87 Standard Specification for Wire-cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes addresses sieve opening sizes from 20 [Lm (635 mesh) to 125 mm (5.00 in). Electroformed sieves with square or round apertures and tolerances of 2 [Lm, are also available. 

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) is the organization that develops analytical tests and procedures to facilitate commerce. 

The national templates have been accepted by the major SDOs and CDOs in the United States, the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, key industry associations, and many state and local governments as the guideposts for the coordinated development of standards and model codes. All of the relevant major SDOs and CDOs in the United States are part of this national effort the ANSI, ASME, American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM),... 

Most mechanical properties reported in the United States are done according to standards described by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). The standard method for testing small, clear specimens of timber (ASTM D143) calls for the test to be conducted at 65% RH. Control specimens have a moisture content of approximately 9% (Table 3), whereas specimens reacted with acetic anhydride or formaldehyde have a moisture content of only about 4% and specimens reacted with butylene oxide 6%. This means that the standard test is run on specimens of different moisture contents. Because of the great effect of moisture content on mechanical properties (Table 1), it is misleading or even invalid, to compare strength properties of control and modified wood since they were tested at different moisture levels. 

The D20.96 Committee of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) worked intensively on test methods for water-insoluble polymers and plastic materials [38,39]. Since 1993, five standards for biodegradation of plastic materials in various conditions have been published (Table 2), and other test methods with different environments are nearing completion [39], i.e., anaerobic high-solid digestor and anaerobic accelerated landfill to simulate the fate of a material during solid waste management. Other experimental methods need to be developed for freshwater and simulated marine conditions. 

Each national and international standards arganizatimi, government, and private industries from each country, listed above and others, use their own standard test methods for the evaluation of the products and materials. Consequently, there are literally thousands of standard test methods used on a worldwide basis [37-41], The national and international standards organizations list their test methods in catalogues for standards such as the European Conunittee for Standardization, CEN [42], FM Approvals [43], Underwriter s Laboratories (UL) [44], International Standards Organization (ISO) [45], American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) [46] and others. 

Standard test methods for plastics are provided by many different agencies including, American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), the US Government (Military and Federal Specifications), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), etc. 

Table 16.11 shows the most recent classification scheme adapted by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) in 2001 (161). This classification is based on the elution of specific compounds within a retention time window defined by n-alkane carbon number. For example, for an accelerant to be classified in the light product range, the chromatogram must have the majority of the pattern occurring in the range from n-C4 to n-C9 with no major peak above... 

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