Questionnaires American

An inverse correlation between thyroid cancer risk and phytoestrogens was recently proposed as a result of a multi-ethnic population-based case control study conducted in the San Francisco Bay Area (Hom-Ross et al., 2002). In this study, dietary habits and phytoestrogen consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire and by a nutrient database. The outcome of the study was that soy-based foods and alfalfa sprouts were associated with a reduction of thyroid cancer risk, whereas a Western diet did not influence cancer risk. No difference was observed between American and Asian women or between pre- and postmenopausal women. Furthermore, among the few compounds examined, the isoflavones genistein and daidzein and the lignan secoisolariciresinol were the phytoestrogens most frequently associated with risk reduction (Horn-Ross et al., 2002). 

In 1995, Bramble published a study on the prescription frequency of antidepressants by British child psychiatrists (Bramble, 1995). A brief postal questionnaire was circulated to 350 members of the British Royal College of Psychiatrists, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specialist Sections. There was a 71% response rate, and 85% of the 238 respondents had employed antidepressants, the most popular of these being amitriptyline and imipramine. Nearly one-third of the psychiatrists at that time used neuroagents occasionally, and the SSRIs were used only very rarely. The antidepressant medication was used for a wide range of child and adolescent disorders beyond those of depression and nocturnal enuresis. Approximately 20% of the prescriptions were given for ADHD (hyperkinetic disorder), conduct disorder, and a few cases of autistic disorder. Clomipramine was apparently given for OCD. On the basis of these 1994 data. Bramble concluded that British child psychiatrists tend to use antidepressant medication far less often than American psychiatrists. 

Nir Keren, an experienced plant engineer and talented graduate student at the Mary Kay O Connor Process Safety Center at Texas A M, took on a benchmarking study to compare MOC practices. He developed a questionnaire and distributed it to more than 50 chemical and petrol chemical industries, refineries, and gas plants. There were responses from 26 facilities. The survey asked about 25 probing questions. His comprehensive paper was presented at a Mary Kay O Connor Process Safety Center Symposium in October 2001 and later published by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. [9]... 

Alcoholism is ubiquitous and often occult. All physicians are instructed to screen for SUDs, and this is also an essential component of every mental health assessment. There are many tools to accomplish this, and one of the simplest was advocated by the American Medical Association (AMA). The AMA has suggested the CAGE questions about alcohol use as a routine screening test for every adult and adolescent. The CAGE questionnaire consists of the following four questions ... 

To this end, the committee members drew up a letter and questionnaire soliciting the help of all of the above cited agencies in addition to the National Research Council physicists and chemists, members of the American Drug Manufacturers Association, United States Pharmacopoeia, National Formulary, Bureau of Chemistry of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, teachers in the leading college of pharmacy, etc. In all, 700 questionnaires were sent out. Of these 700, only 52 answers were received while 13 stated they "...were not interested in the problem."... 

In 1996, Murphy et al. published the results of their national survey of hospital-based pharmacokinetics services. Altogether, 252 questionnaires were mailed to all respondents of the 1994 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) national survey of hospital-based pharmaceutical services " who indicated that their institution provided pharmacokinetics services. The response rate was 42.1% (n=106) however, only 98 surveys had complete data thus yielding a net response rate of 40.2%. Aminoglycosides were the main focus (60.8 27.7% of total) of pharmacokinetic consultations, followed by vancomycin (21.1 18.3%), theophylline (4.6 7.4%), other (3.6 16.0%), warfarin (3.1 11.1%), digoxin (2.2 6.1% ), phenytoin (l.2 3.0%), lithium... 

Due to the objective difficulty of making a diagnosis of ADHD, diagnostic criteria are laid down by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition-Text Revision (DSM-fV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and translated into questionnaires. 

Derived Hazard Survey of die Chemical and Allied Industries, American Insurance Association, New York, 1979. The items resulted from a questionnaire survey of failures of... 

Frankenfeld, C.L., Patterson, R.E., Homer, N.K. et al. (2003). Validation of a soy food-frequency questionnaire and evaluation of correlates of plasma isoflavone concentrations in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77, 674-680. 

The American Thyroid Association has investigated how North American thyroid-ologists assess and treat amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and has compared the results with those of a survey using the same questionnaire previously carried out among European thyroidologists [40 ]. Most of the respondents (91% versus 68% in Europe) see under 10 new cases of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis per year, which seems to be less common than amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in North America (34% and 66% of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction respectively, compared with 75% and 25% in Europe). When thyrotoxicosis is suspected in North America hormonal assessment is mostly based on measurements of serum-free T4 and TSH, while serum-free T3 determination is requested less often than... 

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