Tumor necrosis factor receptors

Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factors are a group of at least 6 proteins (TRAF 1-6), which are major signal transducers for the TNF receptor superfamily and the the interlukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor (IL-1R/ TLR) superfamily. TRAF proteins are characterized by the presence of the TRAF domain at the the C-terminus,... 

Both tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) are type I transmembrane proteins, also belonging to a large family of proteins, the TNFR superfamily... 

RD, Young JB, Mann DL Tumor necrosis factor-a and tumor necrosis factor receptors in the failing human heart. Circulation 1996 93 704. 52... 

Etanercept is a recombinant form of human tumor necrosis factor receptor.24 Etanercept provides a therapeutic effect by binding to soluble TNF and preventing its binding with TNF receptors. It is administered subcutaneously once or twice weekly noticeable symptomatic improvement is seen in 1 to... 

C20. Cinat, M. E., Waxman, K., Granger, G. A., Pearce, W., Annas, C., and Daughters, K., Trauma causes sustained elevation of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 17, 529-537 (1994). 

Pullen, S. S., Dang, T. T. A., Crate, J. J., and Kehry, M. R. (1999). CD40 signalling through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). J. Biol. Chem. 274, 14246-14254. 

Wong BR, Rho J, Arron J, Robinson E, Orlinick J, Chao M, Kalachikov S, Cayani E, Bartlett FS, III, Frankel WN, Lee SY, Choi Y (1997) TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells. J Biol Chem 272 25190-25194... 

Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N, Jimi E, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ (1999) Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev 20 345-357... 

Hsu H, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Solovyev I, Colombero A, Timms E, Tan HL, Elliott G, Kelley MJ, Sarosi I, Wang L, Xia XZ, Elliott R, Chiu L, Black T, Scully S, Capparelli C, Morony S, Shimamoto G, Bass MB, Boyle WJ (1999) Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 3540-3545... 

Kwon BS, Wang S, Udagawa N, Haridas V, Lee ZH, Kim KK, Oh KO, Greene J, Li Y, Su J, Gentz R, Aggarwal BB, Ni J (1998) TR1, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, induces fibroblast proliferation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. FASEB J 12 845-854... 

Ammann P, Rizzoli R, Bonjour JP, Bourrin S, Meyer JM, Vassalli P, Garcia I (1997) Transgenic mice expressing soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor are protected against bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. J Clin Invest 99 1699-1703... 

Gardner, C.R. et al., Exaggerated hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor-1. Potential role of inflammatory mediators, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 192, 119, 2003. 

Yu, H.-S. et al., Arsenic Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor a Release and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Signaling in T Helper Cell Apoptosis, J. Invest. Dermatol., 119, 812, 2002. 

Liu, H. et al., Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 requires prior dissociation of the ASK1 inhibitor thioredoxin, Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 2198, 2000. 

TNFR Tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor repeats E(MP) 0(0) 1(1) 1CDF... 

Merli, S., A. Corti, and G. Cassani (1995). Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I in Escherichia coli optimization of the refolding yields by a microtiter dilution assay. Anal Biochem 230(1) 85-91. 

Zapata, J. M., et al., A diverse family of proteins containing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor domains. / Biol Chem, 2001, 276(26), 24242-52. 

Arch, R. H., R. W. Gedrich, and C. B. Thompson, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) — a family of adapter proteins that regulates life and death. Genes Dev, 1998, 12(18), 2821-30. 

Brown, K. D., B. S. Hostagee, and G. A. Bishop, Differential signaling and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAP) degradation mediated by CD40 and the Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMPl)./ Exp Med, 2001, 193(8), 943-54. 

Etanercept (Enbrel, Immunex) is a dimerized protein molecule that consists of a portion of the tumor necrosis factor receptor coupled to the Fc portion of human IgGl (see Section 4.3). It has 934 amino acids and a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa. 

Munker, R., DiPersio, J., and Koeffler, H. P., 1987, Tumor necrosis factor receptors on hematopoietic cells. BloodlO 1730-1734. 

Morita, C., Horiuchi, T., Tsukamoto, H., et al. (2001) Association of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II polymorphism 196R with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Japanese molecular and functional analysis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 44, 2819-2827. 

Santee, S. M., and Owen-Schaub, L. B. (1996) Human tumor necrosis factor receptor p75/80 (CD 120b) gene structure and promoter characterization. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271, 21151-21159. 

M13. Mosialos, G., Birkenbach, M., YalamanchiU, R., VanArsdale, T., Ware, C., and Kieff, E., The Epstein—Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 engages signah ng proteins for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Cell 80,389—399 (1995). 

L5. Leithauser, F., Dhein, J., Mechtersheimer, G., Koretz, K., Bruderlein, S., Henne, C., Schmidt, A., Debatin, K. M., Krammer, R H., and Moller, R, Constitutive and induced expression of APO-1, a new member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, in normal and neoplastic cells. Lab. Invest. 69, 415-429 (1993). 

Vandenabeele, P. et al. (1995). Two tumor necrosis factor receptors structure and function. Trends Cell Biol. 5, 392-399. 

Calvano, S.E., et al. (1996) Monocyte tumor necrosis factor receptor levels as a predictor of risk in human sepsis. Areh hurg. 131, 434-7. 

Etanercept-Recombination Antirheumatic, tumor necrosis factor receptor... 

Fig. 11.2. Domain structure of cytokine receptors. Schematic representation of the domain structure of selected cytokine receptors. WS motif conserved WSXWS sequence (W tryptophan S serine X non-conserved amino add) IL interleukin EpoR receptor for erythropoietin GHR growth hormone receptor LIF-R leukemia inhibitory factor receptor G-CSFR granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor IFNR interferon receptor TNFR tumor necrosis factor receptor NGFR nerve growth factor receptor Fas, CD40 transmembrane receptors of lymphocytes.

The same principle was later applied by scientists at Immunex to enhance the pharmaceutical properties of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFr), which, like CD4, is rapidly cleared from blood. The hybrid TNFr-Fc molecule (-150 kDa), which is now known as Enbrel, is used to reduce the inflammatory responses of rheumatoid arthritis [33,34]. The hybrid TNFr-Fc bas extended the plasma half-life of TNFr from several minutes to 190 hours. 

DeLa Cadena, R.A., A. Majluf-Cruz, A. Stadnicki, M. Tropea, D. Reda, IM. Agosti, R.W. Colman, and A.F. Suffredini, Recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 fusion protein (TNFR Fc) alters endotoxin-induced activation of the kinin, fibrinolytic, and coagulation systems in normal humans. Thromb Haemost, 1998. 80(1) 114-8. 

Murray, K.M., and S.L. Dahl, Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75) Fc fusion protein (TNFR Fc) in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Pharmacother, 1997. 31(11) 1335-8. 

---