Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

Smith, L.J., Houston, M. and Anderson, J. (1993). Increased levels of glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 147, 1461-1464. Smith, L.L. (1986). The response of the lung to foreign compounds that produce free radicals. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 48, 681-692. 

Wenzel, S.E., Lauren, G.L., Johnston, K., Voelkel, N.F. and Westcott, J.Y. (1990). Elevated levels of LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from atopic asthmatics after endobronchial allergen challenge. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 142, 112-119. 

BAF Basophil-activating fector BAL Bronchoalveolar lav e BALE Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid BALT Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue... 

Lezcano-Meza D, Negrete-Garcia MC, Dante-Escobedo M, Teran LM. The monocyte-derived chemokine is released in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of steady-state asthmatics. Allergy 2003 58(11) 1125—1130. 

Liu LY, Jarjour NN, Busse WW, Kelly EA. Chemokine receptor expression on human eosinophils from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental antigen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 112(3) 556-562. 

Wattiez R et al. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein two-dimensional database study of interstitial lung diseases. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2703-2712. Yanagida M et al. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody on two-dimensional-gels of fibrolast cell lysates after tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. Electrophoresis 2000 21 1890-1898. 

Griese M ci al. Reduced proteolysis of surfactant protein A and changes of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteome by inhaled alpha 1-protease inhibitor in cystic fibrosis. Electrophoresis 2001 22 165-171. 

Wattiez R et al. Human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein two-dimensional database study of interstitial lung diseases. Electrophoresis 2000 21 2703-2712. 

NiS04 and NiCl2 instilled into rat lungs also produced an inflammatory response (17). However, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rodents exposed to diesel exhaust containing 3.5 mg soot/m3, 7 h/day for 2, 12 or 17 days indicated no influx of inflammatory cells (20). Thus, the diesel soot, at lung burdens of 0.5 mg/g lung, does not produce an acute inflammatory response. 

Figure 5. Pulmonary inflammatory response to chronic diesel exhaust exposure as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The total amount or activity of material removed from the lung has been normalized to the weight of control lungs. Inflammatory response is indicated by influx of neutrophils (PMN). Cytotoxicity is indicated by extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). (Continued on next page.)...

Ashitani, J., et al., Elevated concentrations of defensins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diffuse panbronchiolitis, Eur. Respir. J. 11, 1, 104, 1998. 

Merkel, D., et al., Proteomic study of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by combining surface-enhanced laser desorp-tion/ionization-mass spectrometry profiling with mass spectrometric protein identification, Proteomics. 5, 11, 2972, 2005. 

In rats, the administration of fullerene by inhalation, as nano- and microparticles generated by aerosol, does not lead to lesions and only a little increase of protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained (Baker et al., 2007). Recently, Sayes et al. (2007) analyzed in vivo pulmonary toxicity of C60 and C60(OH)24, after intratracheal instillation in rats. They verified only transient inflammatory and cell injury effects, 1 day postexposure, without differences from water-instilled controls. No adverse lung tissue effects were measured, and the results demonstrated little or no differences in lung toxicity effects between the C60 and fiillerols, compared to controls. 

Wall DA, Lanutti AT (1993) High levels of exopeptidase activity are present in rat and canine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Int J Pharm 97 171-181. 

Bratke K, Lommatzsch M, Julius P, Kuepper M, Kleine HD, Luttmann W, Christian Virchow J Dendritic cell subsets in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen challenge. Thorax 2007 62 168-175. 

Hubbard WC, Bickel C, Schleimer RP. 1994. Simultaneous quantitation of endogenous levels of cortisone and cortisol in human nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and plasma via gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 221 109-117. 

Rats exposed 6 hours/day for 5 days to 50mg/m and examined at various intervals after exposure showed no pulmonary response to titanium dioxide as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid parameters or histopathology. Repeated exposure of rats to concentrations of 10-328mppcf of air for as long as 13 months caused small focal areas of emphysema, which were attributed to large deposits of dust. There was no evidence of any specific lesion being produced by titanium dioxide. ... 

Hirano S, Asami T, Kodama N, et al. 1994a. Correlation between inflammatory cellular responses and chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal instillation of nickel sulfate in rats. Arch Toxicol 68(7) 444-9. 

J Bruch, E Gono, W Malkusch. B Rehn. Improved method for quantitative analysis of lung surfactant phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids by high performance hquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta 231 193-204, 1994. 

Hypersensitivity reactions can occur with statins (SEDA-13, 1328 3), and an otherwise unexplained case of interstitial lung disease and pleural effusion developed during treatment with simvastatin for 6 months the number of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid normalized a few days after withdrawal (4). 

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