Allergic atopic dermatitis

For the topical treatment of some chronic inflammatory skin diseases (like atopic dermatitis) immunosuppressive macrolides (like TRL and pimecrolimus) that permeate the inflamed epidermis are of benefit for patients. Severe side effects comparable to those after systemic application of TRL in transplanted patients (see above) have not been observed so far. For the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris these drugs are less effective. The CD2 antagonist alefacept may be a suitable alternative to allergic reactions. 

Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions not controlled by other methods, bronchial asthma (including status asthmaticus), contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, serum sickness, drug hypersensitivity reactions... 

PIH can be observed after endogenous or exogenous inflammatory conditions. Essentially any disease with cutaneous inflammation can potentially result in PIH in individuals capable of producing melanin. Several skin disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, incontinenti pigmenti, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, and morphea have PIH as a predominant feature. Exogenous stimuli,both... 

Atopy A genetic predisposition to develop type I hypersensitivity reactions against common environmental antigens commonly seen in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. 

Diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis include the presence of pruritus with three or more of the following (1) history of flexural dermatitis of the face in children younger than 10 years of age (2) history of asthma or allergic rhinitis in the child or a first-degree relative (3) history of generalized xerosis (dry skin) within the past year (4) visible flexural eczema (5) onset of rash before 2 years of age. 

Beside the well-established role of Th2 cells in allergy, it also became clear that not only Th2, but also Thl cells can contribute to allergic pathology, specifically in atopic dermatitis such as in acute lesional skin [10], where IFN-y is known to induce cell death in keratinocytes causing the spongiform pathology observed in atopic dermatitis [11]. 

Food-Specific T Cells Are Involved in Allergic Responses in Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults... 

Werfel T, Breuer K, Rueff F, Przybilla B, Worm M, Grewe M, Ruzicka T, Brehler R, Wolf H, Schnitker J, Kapp A Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic sensitization to house dust mites a multicentre, randomized, dose-response study. Allergy 2006 61 202-205. 

Neis MM, Peters B, Dreuw A, Wenzel J, Bieber T, Mauch C, Krieg T, Stanzel S, Heinrich PC, Merk HF, Bosio A, Baron JM, Hermanns HM Enhanced expression levels of IL-31 correlate with IL-4 and IL-13 in atopic and allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 118 930-937. 

Trautmann A, Akdis M, Brocket EB, Blaser K, Akdis CA New insights into the role of T cells in atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Trends Immunol 2001 22 530-532. 

Hj antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. Specifically, these indications may include allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic dermatological conditions (contact dermatitis), pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect... 

It is indicated in bronchial asthma, migraine, urticaria, eczema, allergic rhinitis, pruritus, neurodermatitis, atopic dermatitis and other allergic disorders. 

One in 10 persons, 22 million people, in the United States have allergies. Ten million of these suffer from the nasal discomfort of "hay fever" and six million from die more serious asthma. Substantial numbers of people in the United States die of allergic reactions to insect stings (more than 30 per year) or to injections of penicillin (300 per year in 1970). Foods, drugs, pollens, mold spores, mites in house dust, and even heat or cold can evoke serious allergic reactions. Among these eczema (atopic dermatitis) is very common. A major cause of allergic reactions has been... 

IL-5 is usually not present in high levels in humans. However, in a number of disease states where the number of eosinophils is elevated, high levels of IL-5 and its mRNA can be found in the circulation, tissue and bone marrow. These conditions include the diseases of the respiratory tract, hematopoietic system, gut and skin. Some other examples include food and drug allergies, atopic dermatitis, aspirin sensitivity and allergic or nonallergic respiratory diseases. 

Contact allergy to glucocorticoids is not rare in patients with atopic dermatitis. In patients with known contact allergy to budesonide, allergic skin reactions can also occur when inhaled forms of the drug are used, as shown by a randomized, double-bhnd, placebo-controlled study in 15 non-asthmatic patients with budesonide hypersensitivity on patch testing (101). In four of seven patients who used inhaled budesonide, there was reactivation of the 6-week-old patch test sites and they had new distant skin lesions. No flare-up reactions were observed in the other 11 patients (three had used inhaled budesonide and eight placebo for 1 week). None of the patients developed respiratory symptoms spirometry and peak expiratory flow rates remained normal. 

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