Aerospace applications aircraft components

Maraging steels have found varied uses in the aerospace and aircraft industries. These uses have included rocket motor cases, landing gear components, aircraft forgings and fasteners. Other areas of usage include machine tool and die applications, and extrusion hardware. Marine uses include hydrofoil foil systems and aircraft arrester hooks. 

Hard facing of various components in the aircraft gas-turbine engine and in industrial applications for textile machinery parts, oil and gas machinery parts, paper-slitting knives, etc, is estimated at 1 x 109 in 1995 with an estimated growth rate of 5% annually. The mix is approximately 45% aerospace applications, 55% industrial applications. Additionally, repair coatings for gas-turbine blades and vanes is estimated at 500 x 106. These coatings are primarily deposited by plasma spray, arc-wire, HVOF, and detonation gun techniques. 

A good example of large-size fiber-reinforced components in aerospace application is the radome covering the underbelly radar on the Hercules transport aircraft. It is made from very thin polyethylene sulfide (PES) film interleaved with PES-impregnated glass fiber cloth, which is subsequently hot molded in a closed die. The composite radome, nearly 1 m in diameter and 6 mm thick, weighs only 10 kg. 

In the field of aerospace applications, the reliability of materials under extreme exposure conditions is of prime importance. The high- and low-temperature properties of the fluoroelastomers have permitted them to give reliable performance in a number of aircraft and missile components, specifically manifold gaskets, coated fabrics, firewall seals, heat-shrinkable tubing and fittings for wire and cable, mastic adhesive sealants, protective coatings, and numerous types of O-ring seals. 

Automotive industry, construction industry, household appliances, electrical appliances, military application, aircraft and aerospace industries Automobile parts like hood, fenders, panels, bodies, aircraft components, furniture, electrical encapsulation, household articles, fibre composites for boat and other marine applications, solar energy panels, building panels, fuel tanks, radomes, tractor parts, transformer cover, electrical panels, helmet, grating, printed circuit board. Fenders, air conditioner panels, refrigerator parts, pressure tank, pipe and tubing, satellite dish antennae... 

Other applications of polymers are chemical, solvent, chemical and oil resistant parts, sterilisation, medical components, washing machine and dishwasher components, marine protection, aerospace, missiles, aircraft jet engines, helicopter, helicopter blades, gamma radiation resistant parts, sporting gear, glazing, battery cases and solar panels. 

The mechanical properties of importance in critical engineering applications include stiffness, rigidity, impact and impact strength, flexural modulus, elongation and include applications in areas such as gears, piping, automotive under the bonnet applications, aircraft and aerospace engineering power transmissions equipment, structural components and so on. 

Polyalphaolefin Hydraulic Fluids. Polyalphaolefm hydraulic fluids have properties comparable to the most effective components in mineral oil and are used in applications identical to mineral oil hydraulic fluids (Chrisope and Landry 1993 Papay 1993 Shubkin 1993 Wills 1980). Polyalphaolefins are more expensive than mineral oil, and this may limit their use in industry. In addition, polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids are used in military applications such as aircraft and missile hydraulic systems, tank recoil and hydraulic systems, and aerospace test stands (Shubkin 1993). 

Bisphenol A. One mole of acetone condenses with two moles of phenol to form bisphenol A [80-05-07], which is used mainly in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. Polycarbonates (qv) are high strength plastics used widely in automotive applications and appliances, multilayer containers, and housing applications. Epoxy resins (qv) are used in fiber-reinforced laminates, for encapsulating electronic components, and in advanced composites for aircraft—aerospace and automotive applications. Bisphenol A is also used for the production of corrosion- and chemical-resistant polyester resins, polysulfone resins, polyetherimide resins, and polyarylate resins. 

Polymers and composites are finding ever-increasing use as structural components in aerospace systems because of their attractive strength/weight characteristics. During the past 20 years, their use in military aircraft has increased from essentially zero in F-4 jets to over 25% in the advanced AV8-B Harrier II. Thermosetting resins, particularly epoxies and polyimides, are of prime interest for use in structural applications. 

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