Advance warning systems

Advance warning systems and the effectiveness of warning messages. 

Advance warning systems and the use of evacuation from areas of danger save lives and should be included in community disaster response plans whenever appropriate. Warnings can now be made months in advance, in the case of El Nino, to seconds in advance of the arrival of earthquake waves at some distance from the earthquake. Computers are being programmed to respond to warnings automatically, shutting down... 

Disaster science, accompanied by major advances in technology and meteorology, has provided a better understanding of the hallmark characteristics of natu-ral/environmental disasters. This information enables nurses, health care planners, and public health officials to prepare for these types of events and to develop advance-warning systems to minimize injuries and the loss of life. As with other types of disasters, advance preparation for a major natural disaster can result in significant reductions in mortality later on (Bissell, Pinet, Nelson, Levy, 2004 Cuny, 1998). 

California has a large geographic area and concentrated population centers, and, despite its attractiveness, is subject to a variety of natural challenges. Describe the natural disaster events most likely to affect this state and identify any advance warning systems that might help reduce morbidity and mortality. 

Risk-mitigation tools Financial derivatives, property insurance Incident data and trend analysis Supplier contract reviews Self-assessment Contingency planning Scenario analysis New business and new venture audits Risk adjusted performance measures Advance warning systems Back-up of processes as well as dafa Ouarterly drills thaf include key partners... 

The CIRC is an institution directly under the State Council. It is responsible for formulating and enforcing insurance-related laws and regulations overseeing insurance business operations protecting the interests of policy holders setting up a risk evaluation and advance warning system to minimize insurance risk. 

Errors in design and changes in operation will occur which increase the risk of corrosion. Corrosion-monitoring systems give advance warning and enable remedial measures to be worked out and adopted. 

Such systems may provide dynamic control of slurry blend ratio and integrated slurry metrology. POU blending is most suitable for limited pot-life slurry blends and can provide consistent blend over time, but may have limitations in metrology and advance warning on slurry health changes. 

Furnace camera systems provide close vision where incomplete vision, or no vision, hampered operation in the past. These cameras are a very effective tool aiding industries in the use of combusfion. They ensure the most cost-efficient combustion, provide advance warning of problems, increase safety, and reduce pollution by monitoring burners, flames, waterwalls, and other locations. Furnace cameras are expected to meet growing... 

The control room should utilize CRT displays and other advanced display technologies. It should be designed only after a full analysis has been made of the control tasks to be performed, and should provide means for data gathering and processing which support operator tasks and decision making. Human factors princples and criteria should be applied to work space, work environment, annunciator warning systems, panel layout and control-display integration. 

The nonstructural or preventative measures that could be adopted include floodplain regulations such as zoning laws that stipulate where development may or may not occur, building codes that put restrictions on basements and the permissible amount of impervious cover allowed on the site, open-space requirements for large-scale developments, and designing flood warning systems to provide advance notice about impending problems. 

In 2002, the Construction Division of the HSE undertook four construction blitzes across the country. They concentrated on falls from height and gave advance warning of their visits. Work was stopped on nearly 50% of sites visited. A number of prosecutions followed involving large as well as small companies. There are some clear legal reasons for sound health and safety management systems. 

No matter how sensitive and reliable a detection system can be, it will detect nothing (and warn no one) until a target toxic chemical has been released. The best that a detection system can do is to provide rapid and advance warning at a distance from the release before the concentration reaches harmful levels so that people can escape the area before excessive exposure causes catastrophic consequences. Reliable detection devices are vital for the postincident management. 

The United States needs to improve and expand the uses of sensors in preventing terrorism and to minimize the impact should an incident occur. Besides point sampling devices, sensors to help provide sensitive and rapid detection and advance warning of toxic vapor at fixed sites such as subways, buildings, financial centers, and airports are of utmost importance. These sensors need to be operable around the clock. For example, sensors installed in the ventilation system could be coupled with a rapid shutdown procedure. Portable sensors to allow assessment from a remote or on-site point can be used to map the potential extent of the chanical cloud cover to aid authorities in organizing the movement of people. Current sensors have limited capabilities and must be improved. 

The detection systems should provide advanced warning of any leakage from the equipment, systems or components, so that appropriate steps can be taken to prevent the consequential build-up of any flammable atmosphere. 

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