Adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH

Peptide neurotransmitters and hormones are collectively termed neuropeptides. Neuropeptides typically consist of small peptides of approximately 3 0 residues. Several neuropeptides and several of their regulatory functions are listed these neuropeptides and others function in multiple roles as physiological regulators (too numerous to hst in this short table). Ahhreviations are adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), a-melanoc)de stimulating hormone (a-MSH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). 

The adrenal gland produces cortisol in response to intermediate hormones, called adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) via the humoral stress pathway, which extends from the brain to the adrenals (Figure 50-2). Once the body has received an environmental stress signal, it is detected by neurons in the cerebral cortex and transmitted to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus then releases CRH via the classic secretory pathway into the anterior pituitary. CRH stimulates release of... 

The lack of confidence in using a particular single protein as a biomarker for a disease has led to the development of a panel of proteins as biomarkers instead of a single protein for certain diseases. It is shown that an increase in a combination of four proteins, such as leptin, prolactin, osteopontin, and insulin-like growth factor II, serves as a good indicator of ovarian cancer. None of these proteins by themselves can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In addition to proteins, several hormones such as adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and calcitonin are also used as biomarkers for cancers. 

Disorders in sodium, potassium, and glucose may be noted owing to damage to the hypothalamus and pituitary that will affect the release of hormones that control metabolism (e.g., thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH] and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) and fluids and electrolytes (e.g., corticotrophin-releasing hormone [CRH] and adrenocorticotropin hormone [ACTH]). 

A trophic hormone acts on another endocrine gland to stimulate secretion of its hormone. For example, thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. Adrenocorticotropin, or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the hormone cortisol. Both trophic hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in fact, many trophic hormones are secreted by the pituitary. The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master gland" because its hormones regulate the activity of other endocrine glands. 

ACTH, adrenocorticotropin hormone CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor (SF, cerebrospinal fluid HPA, hypothalamic—pituitary-adrenal. 

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (Adrenocorticotropin coiticotropic hormone)... 

Corticotropin is a peptide hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis, one of the derivatives of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) it acts primarily on the adrenal cortex, stimulating its grovrth and the secretion of corticosteroids. Its production is increased during times of stress. It is also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH, corticotrophin, adrenocorticotrophin, and adrenocorticotropin. 

Definition of abbreviations ACTH, adrenocorticotropin hormone DA, dopamine FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone GH, growth hormone GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone LH, luteinizing hormone PIH, prolactin-inhibiting hormone. 

Conditions of this type, generally referred to as hypoadrenalism, may result from several causes, including destruction of the cortex by tuberculosis or atrophy or decreased secretion of adrenocorticotropin (adenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) because of diseases of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis). Cushing s disease, or hyperadrenalism, on the other hand, may result from adrenal cortex tumors or increased production of ACTH caused by pituitary carcinoma. Cushing s syndrome also is rare, occurring in only two to five people for every 1 million people each year. Approximately 10 percent of newly diagnosed cases are observed in children and teenagers. 

Corticotropin, adrenocorticotropin, adreno-corticotrophic hormone, ACTH, SYSME HFRWG KPVGKKRRPV KVYPNGAE DE SAEAFPLEF, a 39-peptide hormone formed as a proteolytic cleavage product of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the adenohypophysis. The N-terminal sequence... 

ACTH, adrenocorticotropin hormone FSH, follicle stimulating hormone LH, luteinizing hormone 170 HP, 17-hydroxy progesterone DHEA, dehy-droepiandrosterone, A4A, androstenedione T, testosterone DHT, dihydrotestosterone E2, estradiol Aldo, aldosterone DOC, deoxycorticosterone B> corticosterone F, cortisol,... 

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)(+) Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens... 

ACTH. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in humans is a polypeptide containing u sequence of 39 amino acids, although work with animal forms of il and willt degradation products of the human form have shown that not all of (Item arc essential to the activity of the hormone. This sequence for the human z CTH is shown in Fig. I. 

Anterior pituitary hormones include growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Another peptide, B-lipotropin (B-LPH), is derived from the same prohormone, proopiomelanocortin, as ACTH. B-LPH is secreted from the pituitary (along with ACTH), and is a precursor of the opioid peptide B-endorphin (see Chapter 31 Opioid Analgesics Antagonists). 

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). ACTH travels via the blood to the adrenal gland, where it stimulates the release of cortisol. Cortisol is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland from a region called the zona fasciculata in response to ACTH. Elevated levels of cortisol exert negative feedback on the pituitary, which decreases the amount of ACTH released from the pituitary gland. 

The answer is b. (Murray, pp 505-626. Scrivei, pp 5029-5250. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287-320.) Steroid hormones such as aldosterone are ultimate derivatives of cholesterol. The compound illustrated in the question is cholesterol, one of a large group of steroids. Cholesterol, which can be derived from the diet as well as synthesized de novo, is the precursor of all steroids involved in mammalian metabolism. These include the bile acids, the steroid hormones, and vitamin D. Cholesterol cannot be metabolized to carbon dioxide, and water in humans. It must be excreted as a component of bile. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is a peptide hormone of the adenohypophysis that influences the secretion of corticosteroid hormones. Prostaglandins are eicosanoid derivatives that are also made up of... 

ACTH Adrenocorticotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone a polypeptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream in response to the binding of CRH. ACTH binds to receptors in the adrenal cortex, causing the synthesis and release of cortisol. 

ACTH, adrenocorticotropin a-su, alpha subunit -end, beta-endorphin p-FSH, beta follicle stimulating hormone fS-LH, beta luteinizing hormone -LPH, beta lipotropin -TSH, beta thyroid stimulating hormone, ER, estrogen receptor GH, growth hormone. 

The Sequazyme C-peptide sequencing kit enables peptide digestion followed by analysis of sequentially truncated peptides using MALDI-TOF-MS. Before digesting and analyzing unknown samples of the peptide (adrenocorticotropic hormone), the activity of the enzyme carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) was checked by dilution experiments with ammonium citrate buffer (pH = 6.1), CPY dilution and the peptide standard angiotensin I. The adrenocorticotropin ACTH (18-39) fragment (0.3 pL) was transferred as a solution of 5 x 10 5M in a 1 1... 

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