Adhesives, in laminations

Thermoset resins are normally moulded by compression, compression transfer or, more recently, injection moulding. Two-part resin systems are used for adhesives, coatings and lacquers. Pharmaceutical applications include closures (reducing), adhesives in laminations, protective lacquers, and enamels. 

Progressive bonding n. A method of curing thermosetting-resin adhesives in laminates or plywood slabs that are larger in area than the press platens in which they are being bonded. A partial area, say, a quarter of the laminate, is cured by application of heat and pressure. The press is then opened, and a different quarter of the laminate is moved between the platens and... 

Smith, D., Novel oligomers designed to enhance adhesion in laminating adhesives (pp. 41-44), RadTech Report March/April 2003. 

A product can be applied as a molten liquid which cools, so forming a solid. Heat-activated adhesives in laminating systems are of this type. 

Lee IH, Schultz JM. Adhesion in laminates of highly oriented polypropylene sheets. Polymer 1986 27 1219-1227. 

This rubbery, synthetic, polymer is used in the food industry, mainly as an adhesive in laminating operations. 

Smith D. Novel Oligomers Designed to Enhance Adhesion in Laminating Adhesives. RadTech Report, March/April 2003 41—44. 

Formed commercially by the polymerization of S, NajCOj and PhX in a sealed container at 275--370 C, substituted derivatives are known but not fully evaluated. Used as high-temperature adhesives, for laminates and in coatings. 

Another widely used overlay adhesive is the contact type. These specialized adhesives, in the same group as mbber cement, may be of the solvent-base or water-base types. They are often used to bond overlays such as wood veneer, vinyl (poly(vinyl chloride)) films, or high pressure laminates such as countertop overlays. 

PBI is being marketed as a replacement for asbestos and as a high temperature filtration fabric with exceUent textile apparel properties. The synthesis of whoUy aromatic polybenzimidazoles with improved thermal stabUities was reported in 1961 (12). The Non-MetaUic Materials and Manufacturing Technology Division of the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, awarded a contract to the Narmco Research and Development Division of the Whittaker Corp. for development of these materials into high temperature adhesives and laminates. 

Lamination Inks. This class of ink is a specialized group. In addition to conforming to the constraints described for flexo and gravure inks, these inks must not interfere with the bond formed when two or more films, eg, polypropylene and polyethylene, are joined with the use of an adhesive in order to obtain a stmcture that provides resistance properties not found in a single film. Laminations are commonly used for food applications such as candy and food wrappers. Resins used to make this type of ink caimot, therefore, exhibit any tendency to retain solvent vapor after the print has dried. Residual solvent would contaminate the packaged product making the product unsalable. 

The market for polyurethane thermoplastic adhesives is small, but growing. TPU s are used to produce some solvent-borne adhesives and also are used in laminating textiles and films for labels and emblems. In addition, they are being considered as an alternative to solvent-borne adhesives in the shoe market. 

Two-component urethane adhesives are used to bond sheet molding compound (SMC) panels for automotive OEM and aftermarket applications. Two-part urethanes are used as laminating adhesives in the RV industry. 

If one amino group in o-phenylenediamine is converted to an amide group by formic acid, the intermediate benzimidazole is formed. This reaction, conducted with a wide range of reactants, produces resins (polybenzimidazoles) used as high-temperature adhesives for laminates in the aerospace industry. Heat insulation is made by including tiny bubbles of silica and all... 

Phenolics are also used in a variety of other applications such as adhesives, paints, laminates for building, automobile parts, and ion exchange resins. Global production of phenol-formaldehyde resins exceeded 5 billion pounds in 1997. 

In addition to the petrolatum tapes and those based on a laminate of p.e. or p.v.c. with an elastomeric sealant or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, recent developments have centred around self-adhesive bituminous laminates. These tapes are commonly constructed with a p.v.c. backing, whose thickness ranges from 0 08 to 0 75 mm and a bituminous adhesive compound layer to provide a total tape thickness of up to 2 mm. In order to maintain conformability without compromising impact values, tapes may also be manufactured with a fabric reinforcement within the bituminous layer. 

Polyphenylene sulfide Melts at 270-315°C (578-599°F) crosslinked polymer stable to 450°C (842°F) in air adhesive and laminating applications. 

Polybenzyls polyphenethyls Parylenes (poly-p-xylylene) to 450°C (842°F) in air adhesive and laminating applications. Fusible, soluble, and stable at 400°C (752°F) low molecular weight. Melt above 520°C (968°F) insoluble capable of forming films poor thermal stability in air stable to 400 to 525°C (752 to 977°F) in inert atmosphere. 

Lignins from waste hquors are also used as extenders for phenoplasts and in adhesives for laminated paper and board, hnoleum pastes, animal feedstuff pellets, etc. 

Chan W.S. (1986). Delamination arrester-an adhesive inner layer in laminated composites. In Composite Materials Fatigue and Fracture, ASTM STP 907 (H.T. Hahn ed.). pp. 176 196. 

Elastomers Solutions of NR have been used for laminating textiles for over a century. The Macintosh raincoat, invented in 1825, consisted of two sheets of cotton adhered by an inner layer of natural rubber. SBR is used as an adhesive in carpet backing and packaging. Neoprene (polychloroprene) may be blended with a terpene or phenolic resin and used as a contact adhesive for shoes and furniture. 

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