Molten liquid

Since the reactions (15), (16), and (17) require successively higher temperatures, the blast furnace temperature is kept highest near the bottom of the furnace. Near the bottom, the temperature, is sufficiently high that the impure iron—saturated with carbon—collects there as a molten liquid. The slag, which is mainly calcium silicate, CaSi03, removes any sand in the ore through reaction with limestone, CaC03. 

Iron/ carbon alloy, poured as a hot molten liquid into a mold. Usually produced as either gray iron (where flakes of graphite are embedded in an iron matrix) or nodular iron (spheroids of graphite in the matrix). 

JVIA is available commercially in 99% purity in both molten (liquid, above 127°F) and solid forms (flakes, pellets, rod, or briquets). MAis often shipped in fiber drums or bags. Heated tank cars or trucks are used for liquid shipments. Because of the toxic fumes, the hazardous materials designation must be posted on all shipments. 

Antimony is unique in that when it solidifies from a molten liquid state to a solid state, it expands, which is just the opposite of most metals. This is useful in making some typesetting castings in which the expansion assures an accurate reproduction of the letter mold. 

The V205 and Na20 adhere to and react with the metal surface and form a molten liquid or eutectic with the metal. 

The main mechanisms of hearth bottom wear are high heat load, chemical attack, erosion from molten liquids, mechanical and thermal stress, and penetration because of ferrostatic and process pressure. A variety of special purpose carbons have been developed to minimize or eliminate the damage caused by these wear mechanisms. 

The melt drag process drags molten metal from an orifice onto a cooled dmm (Fig. 4d) (45). Ribbons in excess of 20 cm can be produced having thicknesses from 25 to 1000 Jim (46). Gravity is used to force the molten liquid from the orifice so that it touches the rotating drum. The partially solidified alloy is then dragged onto the dmm forming wire or ribbons. 

P. Jolibois considers that only tin triphosphide and tritetritaphosphide are chemical individuals and that the other phosphides which have been reported are solid soln. or mixtures. A. C. Vivian found that when a mixture of phosphorus and tin is heated in sealed tubes, two conjugate soln. appear to be formed, and two definite layers of molten liquid are present. The maximum amount of phosphorus alloying with tin is 8 per cent., and the product melts at about 485° ... 

FIGURE 13.3 Sketch for the structure of a diblock copolymer micelle with a molten liquid core. The core is free of solvent or tail monomers. (Reproduced from Marques, C. M. iaa7ymuir13 1430-1433. VMth permission from American Chemical Society.)... 

The improper gasket may have been installed months or perhaps years before. Typically this gasket is exposed to a high vacuum and caustic soda vapors. Unrelated problems within the unit that day created a high liquid level in the vessel that exposed the gasket to atmospheric pressures and molten-liquid 98-percent caustic soda. 

Figure 8.8 Schematic of a blackbody source for temperature calibration. The graphite surface has a high emittance. The molten liquid (e.g. gold) surroundings guarantees temperature uniformity, and as it solidifies or fuses, its temperature is single-valued.

Metaphenylene diamine (MPDA) is one of the most common of the aromatic amines used to cure epoxies. This product is amber to very dark in color. It is a solid that melts at 65°C and is generally mixed with the epoxy resin at that temperature. The molten liquid or vapors from MPDA can stain the skin and nearby structures rather badly. The para-isomer is reported to be carcinogenic, but the meta-isomer is free from this disadvantage. 

In the case of Li metal anode batteries, care must be taken to avoid temperatures which exceed the relatively low melting point of Li (180°C) as the molten metal is far more reactive than the solid, due to the instability of the passivating film on a hot molten liquid surface. This problem is sometimes circumvented in primary cells by the use of higher melting Li alloys, but pays the cost of a lower operating voltage. 

Continue adding portions of the ore and additional Tartar Salt to maintain complete flux of the matter. Now we have two options, let the contents cool in the crucible and break it out later or cast the molten liquid out onto a smooth heat-resistant surface. 

The main features of our results which are inconsistent with the above picture are the very erratic nature of the deflagration of pure hydrazine perchlorate and the turbulent behavior of the molten zone. It is difficult to see how, for example, small amounts of impurities could affect the vaporization process from the turbulent molten layer. In other words, if the deflagration depends on vaporization it appears that it should be more reproducible. Contrariwise, if condensed phase reactions are important, then the presence of small amounts of impurities which could catalyze these reactions could easily be important in deciding whether deflagration occurred or not. The turbulent, foaming appearance of the molten zone also suggests that gas evolution—i.e., reaction, is occurring within the body of the molten liquid. 

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