Laminated applications

NB Daia for the three important ihermosetting materials (phenolics, aminoplastics and epoxide resins) were not covered in the 1998 review on which the 1997 data was based. The 1987 figures for these materials do include a substantial percentage of use in adhesive, surface coating and laminate applications. 

Solvent-home urethanes are still widely used to bond leather and athletic shoes. The OEM automotive market uses some solvent-home urethanes together with chlorosulfonated polyethylene as a primer. Some urethane solvent-home packaging adhesives are used for cap liners and for paper and foil lamination. Some textile laminating applications are still based on solvent-home urethanes. 

Polyphenylene sulfide Melts at 270-315°C (578-599°F) crosslinked polymer stable to 450°C (842°F) in air adhesive and laminating applications. 

Polybenzyls polyphenethyls Parylenes (poly-p-xylylene) to 450°C (842°F) in air adhesive and laminating applications. Fusible, soluble, and stable at 400°C (752°F) low molecular weight. Melt above 520°C (968°F) insoluble capable of forming films poor thermal stability in air stable to 400 to 525°C (752 to 977°F) in inert atmosphere. 

Novel polyester compositions have also been derived from dicydopentadiene [77-73-6] (DCPD), which can enter into two distinct reactions with maleic anhydride to modify properties for lower cost. These compositions have effectively displaced 0-phthalic resins in marine and bathtub laminating applications. 

PLA is finding a wide range of uses, both as a moulded product for the packaging sector, as a film for wrapping and lamination applications, as a fibre fill (pillows/duvets etc.), as a foam, and as a spun textile fibre. Lactic acid produced from microbial fermentation of starch also has many other industrial opportunities, as it is a useful base chemical feedstock for a range of applications. Lactic acid can be chemically converted to propylene glycol, the base for a range of... 

Polyester base film used in audio and video packaging, electromagnetic, condenser, thermal transfer ribbon (TTR), graphic, and laminating applications. 

In the refrigeration laminate application, as with many advanced HIPS design challenges, the polymer chemist trades one important property for another. Here, the desired gloss is sacrificed to provide toughness and chemical resistance. The co-extrusion process allows the fabricator to meet the gloss... 

All of the following are recommended for thickening synthetic latices, particularly RHOPLEX acrylic emulsions for standard backcoating, flocking, and laminating applications. They can be Incorporated directly into the binder system thickening begins with the addition of base to the proper pH. 

Most of the formaldehyde produced is consumed in the production of urea-formaldehyde resins and phenol-formaldehyde resins. These cross-linked polymer products are in turn used in adhesive and laminate applications. 

Use of aminos in laminating applications is also a modest growth area, tied largely to building cycles. The type of resins used in laminating has changed little in the last 20 years. 

Vacuum lamination of terrestrial photovoltaic modules is a new production process requiring special equipment and a significant material development effort. Equipment design studies resulted in improved control and lower costs when using a double-chamber vacuum laminator. Application testing of new materials and primers showed the feasibility of two different back sheet materials, one encapsulant, two new primers for polymers and one primer for metals. 

The second major classification of common polyurethane adhesives is the two-component system. Two-component polyurethane adhesives are widely used where fast cure speeds are critical, as on OEM (original equipment manufacturers) assembly lines that require quick fixture of parts, especially at ambient or low bake temperatures. Two-component urethanes are required in laminating applications where no substrate moisture is available or where moisture cannot penetrate through to the adhesive bond. Two-component urethanes are also useful where CO2 (generated by a one-component moisture cure) or a volatile blocking agent would interfere with the adhesive properties. 

T VonDenend, Effective use of infrared heating for textile coating and laminating applications. J. Coated Fabrics 23 131-149,1993. 

Several other types of curing agent are used with epoxide resins for laminating applications or in moulding compounds. Examples of these curing agents are ... 

Uncoated regenerated cellulose films are highly permeable to water vapor but have a good barrier to flavors and aromas. They are suitable for twist wrap and lamination applications for products where protection from moisture is not required. The films are available in a range of thicknesses so they are suitable for single web or laminate applications [36]. 

Polyethylene glycol (200) dibenzoate n. C6H5C0(0CH2CH2)40C0-C6H5. a plasticizer compatible with cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and vinyl resins. Its major application is with phenol-formaldehyde resins in laminating applications, to improve flexibility without loss of electrical properties and high-temperature capability. 

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) form the bulk of all resins used for laminating applications. The basic materials used to make a polyester resin are a dibasic organic acid or anhydride and a dihydric alcohol. A portion of the dibasic acid is unsaturated, through which crosslinking occurs. 

Because of their adhesive properties, EMA copolymers are used in extrusion coating, coextrusions, and laminating applications as heat-seal layers. EMA is one of the most thermally stable of this group, and as such it is commonly used to form hot and dielectric seals, as well in multiextrusion tie layer applications. 

In the laminate application of wood (particularly on cabinets and cupboards that are made from porous composite wood materials such as particle board), it is always possible to... 

The maximum flow rate may reach 1000 kg/h with 3 to 4 m wide machines, a screw extruder of 20 cm, diameter and add on is usually from 15 to 20 g/m for packaging/laminating applications. These large machines are fully computerised the temperature is controlled in many places, up to 100 control points, the speed of rotation of each roll, the adhesive thickness, the flow rates of the slot die and the screw extruder are all monitored. The width of the curtain may be adjusted, taking into consideration the neck-in that all types of adhesives show. 

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