Additives, for paints

Plant resins are discussed in detail in Chapter 12. Since plant resins were once common additives for paint binders, this section briefly reviews the literature, focusing on the use of different derivatising agents. 

The use of acrylic add can be traced at least as far back as about 1900. It was an additive for paints and lacquers. Due to the tendency for acrylic acid to polymerize at low temperatures, it accelerated the drying process. The users probably didn t understand the chemistry of polymerization at the time, only that it worked. 

DDT 3236 2 459,000 Raw material for Dicofol, additives for paints and mosquito-repellent incense, and malaria prevention... 

Polybutoxytitaniumoxane is used as a binding agent for coatings and as a special additive for paints and varnishes. 

Silicone liquids in the production of paints. The use of silicone liquids as additives for paints gives them specific properties. E.g., an introduction of a small amount of silicone liquid (3 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the paint) prevents the foaming of paints when they are applied, improves the flow properties of the paint and gives gloss to the painted surface. This beneficial effect of oligoorganosiloxanes is caused by their low surface tension. 

Turpentine. Turpentine is used directly as a solvent, thinner, or additive for paints, varnishes, enamels, waxes, polishes, disinfectants, soaps, pharmaceuticals, wood stains, sealing wax, inks, and crayons, and as a general solvent. The chemistry of its mono-terpenes offers many possibilities for conversion to other substances, as illustrated in Fig. 28.20. There is increasing use of turpentine to produce fine chemicals for flavors and fragrances. An important use of turpentine is in conversion by mineral acids to synthetic pine oil. It also is a raw material for making terpin hydrate, resins, camphene, insecticides, and other useful commodities. These uses are included in the following summary of its applications. 

PTE was also entrapped in additives for latex coating of biodefensive surfaces. Such PTE-based additives for paints and coatings were shown to retain catalytic parameters and stability of the enzyme (McDaniel et al, 2006). For decontamination of OPs in the environment and remediation, an alternative approach, phytodegradation by transgenic plants (e.g. tobacco) expressing a bacterial PTE, has been considered as a potentially low-cost, effective, and environmentally friendly method (Wang et al, 2008). 

McDaniel, C.S., McDaniel, J., Wales, M.E., Wild, J.R. (2006). Enzyme-based additives for paints and coatings. Prog. Organ. 

Use Production of boron, heat-resistant glassware, fire-resistant additive for paints, electronics, liquid encapsulation techniques, herbicide. 

POLYMERIC ORGANOTIN BIOCIDE ADDITIVE FOR PAINT AND VARNISH MATERIALS... 

Crayvallac. [Cray Valley Prods. Ketto A/S] Thixotropic additives for paints. 

GCP. [Betz Industrial] Biocides, additives for paint spray booths. 

Tego Pbobe. [Tego] Ruorinated or silicone resins water-repdlent additive for paints, printing inks, leather. 

AI3-51845 Boric acid (HBO2), anhydride Boric anhydride Boric oxide Boric oxide (B2O3) Boron oxide Boron sesquioxide Caswell No. 109B Diboron trioxide EINECS 215-125-8 Fused boric acid HSDB 1609. Used in production of boron, heat-resistant glassware, fire-resistant additive for paints, electronics, liquid encapsulation techniques, herbicide. White crystals mp = 450° bp = 1860° d = 2.46 soluble in H2O (3 g/100 ml) LDso (mus orl) = 3163 mg/kg. Atomergic Chemetals Lancaster Synthesis Co. Noah Chem. u.S. Borax Inc. 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the analysis of silicates to determine silicon dioxide and alkalies also used in the production of boron, heat-resistant glassware, and as a fire-resistant additive for paints other uses include electronics, liquid encapsulation techniques, and blowpipe analysis. 

Metal alkoxides, also known as alcoholates, constitute a class of compounds in which the metal atom is attached to one or more alkyl groups by an oxygen atom. These substances have the general formula, M—O—R, where M is the metal atom and R, an alkyl group. Many metals in the Periodic Table are known to form alkoxides. However, only a few of them have commercial applications. These include the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Metal alkoxides have found applications as catalysts, additives for paints and adhesives, and hardening agents for synthetic products. They are also used in organic synthesis. 

F. Liesa, C. Ocampo, C. Aleman, E. Armelin, R. Oliver, and F. Estrany, Application of electrochemically produced and oxidized Poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) as anticorrosive additive for paints influence of the doping Level, J. Appl Polym. Set, 102, 1592-1599 (2006). 

Uses Additive for paints emulsifier tor emulsion polymerization, antitog for plastic films... 

Chem. Descrip. Lauryl methacrylate CAS 142-90-5 EINECS/ELINCS 205-570-6 Uses Additive for paints, adhesives, lubricating oils, petroleum Properties Lt. yel. clear liq. sol. in ethanol, n-hexane, xylene f.p. -6 C acid no. 0.5 max. sapon. no. 215 Toxicology TSCA listed... 

Uses internai iubricant and processing aid for thermopiastics, die casting band-piy iubricant in rubber damping fiuid for meters iiq. springs in shock absorbers and bad ceii appiics. hammer finish additive for paints Features Wide service temp, range thermai and shear stabiiity inert iow surf. tens. 

Uses High temp, additive for paints/coatings, elec, varnishes Resin 10312 [Ducey Chem.]... 

Uses Mold release for rubber and plastics industrial and food-grade antifoams heat transfer fluids hydraulic fluids dielec, fluids maintenance prods. high temp, lubricants additive for paints/coatings cosmetics additive... 

Because paint is such a common means of combating corrosion, many paint companies add chemicals to inhibit corrosion. A professional society of industrial painters lists 20 rust inhibitors that are environmentally approved additives for paints. Although the specific chemical content may vary, most of these corrosion inhibitors contain one of the following ions phosphate, borosilicate, chromate, or phosphosilicate. The precise mode of corrosion inhibition depends on several factors, but all of these ions, when part of a paint coating, form compounds with oxidized iron that inhibit fiirther formation of rust. Much like an oxide coating on the surface of aluminum prevents ongoing corrosion, these coatings stop the corrosion of the iron after only a small amount of material has reacted. This process is called passivation. 

Iribarren, J.I., Ocampo, C., Armelin, E., Liesa, F., and Aleman, C. (2008) Poly(3-alkyllfaiophene)s as anticorrosive additive for paints influence of the main chain stereoregularity. /. Appl. Polym. Sci., 108, 3291-3297. 

The most common classes of additives for paints are reviewed, with particular attention to aqueous emulsion paints (latices), and the side effects which these substances can cause, which are often unforeseen, are discussed. Types of additives considered include production, handling and storage additives, application additives, fihn formation additives and coating performance additives. 9 refs. 

Developments in polymers and additives for paints influenced by requiranents for environmental protection, ease of application and cost reduction are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to latices and UV curing systems developed by Rhone-Poulenc and polyurethanes developed by Bayer. 

The main conclusion of Paciejewska s thesis is the necessity to consider the specific kinetics of interfacial phenomena when evaluating the stability of colloidal suspensions. This applies not only to binary, but to all kinds of colloidal suspensions. A major factor is the dissolution of the dispersed phase(s)—in particular if the solubility and the intrinsic dissolution rate are relatively large. Its relevance is especially pronounced for a large total surface area, which depends on the particle concentration and the specific surface of the particles and which determines the amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given period of time. For many nanoparticle (x < 100 nm) systems (e.g. additives for paints and coatings), it will not be permissible to ignore the influence of dissolution on the interfacial properties and even on suspension stability—independent from the Gibbs-Thomson effect, which becomes relevant at particle sizes below 10 nm (cf. Sect. 3.1.4). 

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