Mono terpenes

Other observations on chemical variation within Zieria can be mentioned at this point. Zieria cytisoides form b occurs along the coast of New South Wales and in similar habitats in Tasmania. Five populations concern us here, two from the former area and three from the latter. Significant differences in the concentration of the mono-terpene derivative (-)-chrysanthenone [37] were observed by Southwell and Armstrong (1987). The populations on the mainland exhibited concentrations of the ketone of 15% and 18%, whereas those in Tasmania had higher amounts, that is, 42%, 49%, and 55%. The New Caledonian Z. chevalieri was shown to exhibit an unusual profile of compounds, relative to the Australian species, with 2,4,6-trimethoxystyrene [38],... 

Hassan EM, Shahat AA, Ibrahim NA, Vlietinck A, Apers S, Pieters L. A New Mono-terpene Alkaloid and other Constituents of Plumeria acutifolia. Planta Medica 2008 74(14) 1749-1750. 

Labdanum Cistus ladaniferus L. Labdane diterpenes and mono-terpene hydrocarbons ... 

Structural formulas of three major natural pyrethrins, which are chemically classified as mono-terpene esters, are given in Figure 19.3. The shaded part of the first structural formula is common to natural pyrethrins, the most characteristic structural feature of which is the cyclopropane group. 

A pale yellow green liquid, its fresh, light and sharp citrus odour due to its main chemical component the monoterpene limonene (55-80%). Other mono-terpenes present are [3-pinene (10-17%), a-pinene (2.0-2.5%) and y-terpinene (3-10%). Also found in much smaller amounts are alcohol linalool (0.1-0.9%),... 

Turpentine. Turpentine is used directly as a solvent, thinner, or additive for paints, varnishes, enamels, waxes, polishes, disinfectants, soaps, pharmaceuticals, wood stains, sealing wax, inks, and crayons, and as a general solvent. The chemistry of its mono-terpenes offers many possibilities for conversion to other substances, as illustrated in Fig. 28.20. There is increasing use of turpentine to produce fine chemicals for flavors and fragrances. An important use of turpentine is in conversion by mineral acids to synthetic pine oil. It also is a raw material for making terpin hydrate, resins, camphene, insecticides, and other useful commodities. These uses are included in the following summary of its applications. 

The papers published on the chemistry of Cannabis constituents up to 1970 have been summarized by two authors,and an extensive treatment of its botany and chemistry is available as a book. The field is still plagued by the differences in numbering systems which are used in this review the mono-terpene type [as shown in A -tetrahydrocannabinol (332), = A THC] is employed, since it can be used for all cannabinoids, and is immediately comprehensible to anyone familiar with the chemistry of monoterpenes. ... 

Kluvveromyces lactis is capable of producing mono-terpenes such as citronellol and linalool, although at very low yields of 50 ug/L.(41). Changing culture conditions altered the yield and type of product produced. Increasing temperature and concentrations of the nitrogen source asparagine increased the yield of citronellol substantially. 

Secodine Group. In the biogenetic interrelationship of the three major mono-terpene-tryptamine alkaloid types, i.e. strychnos, aspidosperma, and iboga, the necessary changes in the aliphatic skeleton can be schematically represented... 

Gas-phase products from the reactions of ozone with the mono-terpenes (-)-(i-pinene and (+)-sabinene which include the ketones formed by oxidative fission of the exocyclic C=C bonds as well as ozonides from the addition of ozone to this bond (Griesbaum et al. 1998). 

The use of renewable feedstocks from natural sources is probably a field where heterogeneous catalysis can bring considerable improvements. The dehydrogenation of cheaply available mono-terpenes from citrus production or the pulp and paper industry to furnish the more commercially valuable p-cymene is a good example (Table 1, Seheme 1). This reaction has been studied in detail over metallic... 

Grimsrud, E. P., and R. A. Rasmussen (1975). Survey and analysis of halocarbons in the atmosphere by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Atmos. Environ. 9, 1014-1017. Grimsrud, E. P., H. H. Westberg, R. A. Rasmussen (1975). Atmospheric reactivity of mono-terpene hydrocarbons, NO photooxidation and ozonolysis. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 7 (Symp. 1), 183-195. 

Several additional examples of oxazole Diels-Alder reactions applied to the synthesis of natural products have appeared. Using the same synthetic strategy that resulted in the total synthesis of normalindine, " Ohba and co-workers adapted the oxazole-olefin Diels-Alder cycloaddition for the synthesis of the mono-terpene alkaloids plectrodorine and oxerine. The synthesis of (-)-plectrodorine began with the requisite Diels-Alder precursor 262a, prepared from (5)-(-)-malic acid (Fig. 3.78). The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of this 2-alkyloxazole... 

C,oH,80,Mr 154.25, oil, bp. 120°C(1.2 kPa). Mono-terpene with cyclobutane structure, C-1 epimer of grandisol, known as the sexual pheromone of the male boll weevil. It is not known if F. possesses the same biological activity. F. occurs in the roots of the mug-wort species Artemisia fragrans (Asteraceae), content 0.0033%. ... 

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