Polymerization of organotin

Mendoza, J. A. Wood Preservation by In Situ Polymerization of Organotin... 

Organotin appendages generally occur from reaction on already formed polymers, such as poly(acrylic acid) and cellulose, or by introduction through polymerization of organotin-containing monomers. 

Other Plastics Uses. The plasticizer range alcohols have a number of other uses in plastics hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol are used as part of the catalyst system in the polymerization of acrylates, ethylene, and propylene (55) the peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexanol is utilized as a polymerization initiator for vinyl chloride various trialkyl phosphites find usage as heat and light stabHizers for plastics organotin derivatives are used as heat stabHizers for PVC octanol improves the compatibHity of calcium carbonate filler in various plastics 2-ethylhexanol is used to make expanded polystyrene beads (56) and acrylate esters serve as pressure sensitive adhesives. 

Besides a polymerization of the Michael acceptor, a double alkylation of the starting ketone, by reaction with a second Michael acceptor molecule, may take place as a side reaction, and thus further reduce the yield. The polymerization of the enone 2 as well as the double alkylation of the starting ketone can be avoided by application of a modern procedure for the Robinson annulation that uses an organotin triflate as catalyst." ... 

Polymerization using the Stille coupling, the cross-coupling of aryl-alkenyl halides with organotins in the presence of palladium catalysts (Scheme 9.10),13 appeared in 1989 (Scheme 9.11).14 The low nucleophilicity of organotins makes it possible to use functionalized monomers for the polymerization.15... 

However, in many papers on polymerization and copolymerization of organotin monomers, the role of complex formation in elementary acts of polymer formation has been either ignored or considered inadequately. 

Our research in this field is mainly carried out on a) synthesis and conversion of oligoorganoepoxystannanes b) free-radical copolymerization of organotin monomers with various vinyl monomers and c) cross-linking of organotin macromolecules and development of protective polymeric coatings with specific properties on their basis. 

Organotin compounds with the general formulae RSnX3, R2SnX2, R3SnX and RSnOOH (R = alkyl or aryl and X = Cl, Br or J) are efficient catalysts for the polymerization of oxiranes 73). 

Organotin polymers containing one carboxyalkyl group bound to the tin atom in each recurring monomer unit are obtained by polymerization of an organotin acid of the type Sn[(CH2)mCOOH]4. in aqueous medium at 60 °C. The powdery products are used as biocides and stabilizers for synthetic polymers 81). 

Ferrer and Barcelo [131] used online solid-phase-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the simultanous determination of organotin antifouling herbicides in marine water. The solid-phase extraction was carried out on polymeric cartridges after percolation of 100 ml of the seawater sample, and... 

SnX2 (X = Cl, Br), the polymeric species (SnR2) and the stannylenes SnR2 can be used for the preparation of organotin halides319 ... 

Polycarbogermane and polycarbostannane block copolymers 56134 were prepared by pyrolysis of the organogermanium and organotin bridged p-cyclophanes 55 followed by deposition polymerization of the p-xylene monomers thus produced (Scheme 29). 

The preparation and use of organotin compounds as re-polymerization agents for linear polyesters and macrocyclic oligomers is provided by Paler [1] and Winckler [2], respectively. 

Hi. The monomer polymerization route. Compared with the resin-functionalization route, the homo- and copolymerization of organotin-containing monomers permits one to influence the polymer resin structure to a greater extent. In principle, it is possible to prepare gel-type, macroporous, microporous or nonporous polymers. The pore structure, tin loading, solubility and other factors which influence the reactivity of the polymer-supported organotin reagents can be controlled by appropriate... 

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