Cycle time, process

In the Kobe process (Japan) the feed liquor is adiabatically compressed to a point just below the eutectic, where crystallization occurs. Then the mother liquor is removed and the pressure is gradually reduced to atmospheric pressure. It appears that for this process cycle times are short, in the order of 5 minutes. 

As mentioned, intermediate storage dampens the effects of process fluctuations, reduces process cycle times, and increases flexibility in process scheduling. It is intuitively clear that the size and location of intermediate storage will influence the plant performance. Below, a basic analysis will be given for single-product plants. 

According to Hoffman s crystallization theory, a drop in the heat of fusion corresponds to an exponential decrease in nucleation and crystal growth rates [63]. Implicitly, the rate of crystallization is severely retarded by the presence of 3HV comonomer [64, 69, 72]. These low crystallization rates can hamper the melt processing of these copolymers since they necessitate longer processing cycle times. 

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate how a biennial document review process and document processing cycle time metrics faltered in their early stages due to lack of process ownership, definition, and management review. This situation presented a compliance risk to the organization and resulted in poor business efficiencies. Improve-...

Either crystalline and amorphous types (Chapter 1) can be used with flow molding because the plastic is melted prior to forming. The forming temperature is usually lower than for injection molding or extrusion. Plastics need not be trimmed, as the composite is compression-molded to completely fill the mold cavity (Chapter 14). Very important, the flow molding process permits more complex parts to be formed than solid-state forming. The process cycle time is usually about 1 min. 

Collect basic data around how long it will take to complete the major steps or substeps. Fill in any times or piece-count information in the relevant steps (e.g., 10 orders/hour). Write the estimated process cycle times on the bottom of the baseline chart. (Cycle time is how long a step spends on one unit, not including how long the unit is in a queue waiting for work to be performed.)... 

In our example, RayRay gathers this data by visiting other beauty salons to see how many customers come in during a given period. He does this several times, on different days of the week, and during different times of the day to determine customer demand rate. To determine process cycle time, RayRay times several customers as they go through each step in the process (customer check-in, shampoo, hair cut, and payment). 

Uses less raw materials Eliminates water-induced degradants Improves process cycle time Prevents particle segregation Facilitates continuous manufacturing Improves content uniformity... 

As the apex of the sample plug passed through the sample injection valve, the valve was switched to the inject position for separation and analysis by GC or LC. Evaluation of the overall processing cycle time showed that decreasing the volume of the analytical sample loop from 100 to 10 pL could reduce the overall processing cycle time by up to 5 hours per sample. The product disposition valve could be used to capture a product sample in a vial by directing flow to the fraction collector, to recycle flow back to feed container R, or to direct flow to a weighed product or waste container. 

If FEA shows that some ribs buckle, the product can be redesigned with thicker or shorter ribs. The latter can be achieved by having crossribs at closer intervals. These add to mould construction costs, but add very little to the materials costs or the process cycle time. The productivity of an injection mould for the ribbed plate will be controlled by the solidification time given by Eq. (5.4). It will be 3 s for the ribbed plate and 19 s for the 5 mm thick original design. The increase in mould productivity is usually more important than the materials saving from product mass reduction. 

PEN exhibits a very rapid crystallization rate and its Tg is difficult to detect by simply heating the quenched sample. Since the crystallization rate of PEN is much faster than that of PET, its processing cycle time can be shortened. Eecause of its facile processability, PEN can be molded by either injection or extrusion into electrical, electronic, and machine parts. PEN exhibits excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, dimensional stability, resistance to chemical, acid and alkaline and impermeability to gasoline and gasohol. Therefore, it is particularly suited for making into automobile parts that come in contact with fuel, oil, and combustion gas. In addition, fiber reinforced PEN for high temperature and humidity circumstances has been reported. ... 

Condensation polymerization is an example of polyaddition in single, independent steps. Its heat tonality is endothermic, i.e., energy is introduced into the reaction. The intermediate products that form can be isolated and stored for a certain amount of time. Under suitable working conditions, the interrupted reaction can then be continued. The plastics industry makes use of this feature to produce molding compounds by mixing in fillers or various precondensates to reduce the process cycle times. 

Successful lean implementation requires changing the culture of the business via employee engagement and Involvement so that it is populated with lean thinkers who focus on customer and process cycle time reduction. 

This chapter will reinforce the fact that lean is not a program, but rather a mindset or a way of thinking. Examples clarify why a successful lean implementation requires changing the culture of the business via employee engagement and involvement so that it is populated with lean thinkers that focus on customer and process cycle time reduction This understanding combined with the adoption and use of lean tools can build a world-class safety culture. Another key point is that a lean leadership style and some common lean tools will allow you to improve both safety and lean at the same time. 

Inflow to the tank is normally interrupted during decantation, and hence, partitions may be made in the tank to continue the process and mixed liquor suspended solids shall not be washed out with the treated effluent. As a result, the total process cycle time can be reduced. 

We must know the process cycle time for a batch or semi-batch process in order to estimate the number of reactors required for a given plant capacity and to estimate the staffing requirement for that plant. By process cycle time, we mean the time between initiating one reaction and the next, subsequent reaction. One process cycle for a batch or semi-batch process involves... 

This chapter discussed process cycle time, which is the total time from charging feed to a batch or semi-batch reactor to the next feed charge of the same reactor, and its optimization. This chapter also discussed the reaction time required to optimize the profitability of a given batch or semi-batch reactor. It finished by presenting scenarios for maximizing product formation and quality through process temperature optimization. 

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