Urinary sediment

Urin-absatz, m. urinary sediment, -kdpe, /. (Wool) urine vat. -stein, m. urinary calcu lus. 

Other markers for structural kidney damage that can be used in place of proteinuria include abnormalities in urinary sediment, such as hematuria, or abnormalities in imaging studies or kidney biopsy.1... 

This syndrome is characterized by proteinuria >3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminuria <3 g/dl, hyperlip-idaemia with an elevation of serum cholesterol, edema and oval fat bodies and fatty casts in the urinary sediment. A variety of disorders may produce nephrotic syndrome but, in the majority of cases, no cause is found. It is appropriate to define the selection of studies from the history and physical examination. Tests to order are antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, serum complement, HBsAg VDRL serology (syphilis), protein electrophoresis of the serum and urine and HIV. If the cause is unclear a renal biopsy is done to define the glomerular lesion as treatment may on the underlying glomerular lesion. 

In 1972, 21 subjects underwent exposure to CS815799. Seven subjects had aerosol exposures at a Ct of 50 mg-mln/m one was exposed twice. CS815799 exposure caused mild ocular and respiratory Irritation. laboratory analyses 7 d after exposure revealed Increased SGOT (43.8 and 42.7 IU) In two subjects, both of whom had normal pre-exposure SGOT. One of these two subjects also had 6-10 white cells in urinary sediment—a finding not seen In preexposure urinalysis. 

It exists naturally, combined with potassa, soda, or lime, in a great variety of plants, especially oxatis ace-tosdla and comiculata, Rumen aceinseUa and acetosa, also in guano, in certain urinary sediments and calculi,... 

Stamey, T.A. and R.W. Kindrachuk Urinary Sediment and Urinalysis A Practical Guide for the Healtii Science Professional W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1996... 

Tetracyclines have been reported to cause toxicity and kidneys are the primary organs. Renal tubular necrosis is the common pathological finding. Animals with renal toxicity will show ohguria, marked azotemia, moderate proteinuria, and tubular casts in urinary sediment with an inability to concentrate urine (Lairmore et al, 1984). 

Imipenem caused positive dipstick tests for leukocytes in patients with agranulocytosis and normal urinary sediments. This phenomenon was reproducible in vitro with imipenem, meropenem, and clavulanic acid. Sulbactam, tazobactam, three penicillins, three cephalosporins, and the basic structures of penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams tested negative (50). 

A 36-year-old long-distance truck driver took 200 ml of ethylene glycol in a suicide attempt (32). He vomited, lost consciousness, and had miosis and external ophthalmoplegia. There was a severe metabolic acidosis with a wide anion gap and many crystals in the urinary sediment. Acute oliguric renal failure required continuous hemodialysis for 6 days. A CT scan of the brain showed low-density areas in the bilateral basal ganglia, midbrain, and pons. A renal biopsy showed tubular oxalate deposits. He gradually recovered within 36 days. 

Fogazzi GB. Crystalluria a neglected aspect of urinary sediment analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996 ll(2) 379-87. 

Acute tubular necrosis (exogenous toxins) Aminoglycosides, amphotericin, cisplatin, radiocontrast agents, methoxyflurane, outdated tetracyclines, cephalosporins, mithramycin, calcineurin inhibitors, pentamidine, IVIG, ifosfamide, zoledronate, cidofovir, adefovir, tenofovir FENa>2%, UOsm <350, urinary sediment contains granular casts, renal epithelial cells... 

While examination of the urinary sediment has traditionally heen used to discriminate the severity of acute kidney injury and to differentiate pre-renal azotemia from estabhshed AKI or ATN, the value of this approach is imperfect. Examination of the urinary sediment may have value in critically ill patients, in particular when there is suspicion of systemic vasculitis the detechon of dysmorphic red blood cells or red blood cell casts may have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value [28]. 

Chan RW, Szeto CC. Advances in the clinical laboratory assessment of urinary sediment. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 340 67-78. 

Spence JD, Wong DG, Eindsay RM. Effects of triamterene and amiloride on urinary sediment in hypertensive patients taking hydrochlorothiazide. Eancet 1985 73-75. 

Brus I, Steiner G, Maceda A, Lejano R. Amyloid fibrils In urinary sediment. Fleroln addiction with renal amyloidosis. NY State J Med 1979 79 768-771. 

Derosena R, KossMN, Pirani CL. Demonstration of amyloid fibrils in urinary sediment. N Engl J Med 1975 293 1131-1133. 

Postrenal Proteinuria. This type of proteinuria refers to protein arising from the urinary tract below the kidneys and is usually due to inflammation or malignancy. It is diagnosed by microscopic evaluation of the urinary sediment for inflammatory cells and malignant cells. The presence of erythrocytes or leukocytes in casts in such a centrifuged urinary sediment is valuable proof that their origin is from the kidneys and is not extrarenal. 

Yasmi Y, Tatsumi N, Park K. Urinary sediment analysed by flow cytometry. Cytometry 1995 22 ... 

Major functions of the distal nephron include the regeneration of bicarbonate, the excretion of acid (hydrogen ion), the secretion of potassium, and the reabsorption of water. Damage to this portion of the nephron may present as significant acidemia and either hypo-or hyperkalemia, depending on the mechanism of injury. For example, amphotericin B produces small pores in the luminal membrane of distal tubular cells. These pores allow small molecules such as potassium to leak out the molecules are then wasted in the urine. Consequently, amphotericin B nephrotoxicity is characterized by hypokalemia secondary to renal potassium wasting. ATN is associated with urinary sediment characterized by the presence of tubular cells, coarse granular casts, and rarely, RBC casts. 

Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, has been associated with transient decreases in creatinine clearance and abnormal urinary sediment in normal subjects and hypertensive patients. In combination... 

Patients with more than 2 g of proteinuria, deteriorating renal function, and/or active urinary sediments require a renal biopsy to define the underlying lesion and determine the activity and chronicity of disease. Those with class IE or V lesions can be treated with oral steroids... 

Direct examination of tissue or body fluids believed to be infected can provide simple, rapid information to the clinician. Microscopic examination of wet-mount specimen preparations can provide valuable information regarding potential pathogens. Applications of this procedure with or without staining preparations include direct examination of sputum, bronchial aspirates, scrapings of mucosal lesions, and urinary sediment. The Gram stain is one of the... 

Ingestion of ethyl-Hg-contaminated pork Elevated blood urea, urinary protein, urinary sediment Cinca et al. 1979 ... 

Acute glomerulonephritis is associated with the sudden onset of proteinuria, hematuria, and the appearance of red cell casts in urine. Demonstration of the presence of red cell casts in the urinary sediment establishes the presence of active glomerular inflammation. Proteinuria is a characteristic finding in glomerulonephritis, with levels ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 g per day. Proteinuria in excess of 2.5 g per day characteristic of nephrotic syndrome are found in some cases of glomerulonephritis. 

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