Reactive arthritis

XCL1 Synovium RT-PCR (mRNA), ISH (mRNA), IHC Higher levels compared with OA. Expression restricted to lymphocytic infiltrate in RA. Immunostaining shows strong staining in RA compared with OA and reactive arthritis but not PA. 175... 

Haringman JJ, Smeets TJ, Reinders-Blankert P, Tak PP. Chemokine and chemo-kine receptor expression in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and reactive arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006 65(3) 294-300. 

Although not reviewed in detail here, C. jejuni and C. coli are another major cause of inflammatory colitis that may be complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome or reactive arthritis. In addition, their resistance to antimicrobials (particularly to quinolones) is increasing. In the United States, fluoroquinolone resistance of C. jejuni rose from 13% in 1997 to 18% in 1999 [112],... 

Many patients develop a reactive arthritis 1 to 2 weeks after recovery from enteritis. 

Nonsuppurative complications such as acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and reactive arthritis may occur as a result of pharyngitis with Group A Streptococcus. 

The autoimmune rheumatic diseases consists of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Spondylarthritis (SpA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Acute Temporal Arteritis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Behcet s Disease, Sjorgren s Syndrome, Felty s Syndrome and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD). Spondylarthritis (SpA) can be subdivided in Reactive Arthritis (ReA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), Arthritis associated with the inflammatory bowel diseases are Crohn s disease and Ulcerative Colitis (IBD), Undifferentiated SpA (UspA) and Sacro-ilitis, Juvenile SpA and Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). 

Reactive arthritis (ReA) develops 1-3 weeks after a bacterial infection in the intestinal tract (diarrhea) and/or urethra (urethritis) or elsewhere due to immune responses. HLA-B27 positive individuals may develop ReA. ReA is an autoimmune disease and consists of sterile axial and/or peripheral articular inflammation, enthesitis and extra-articular manifestations. 

Unlabeled Uses Treatment of Crohn s disease, reactive arthritis... 

Some publications desaibed successful use of Enterosgel for treatment of systemic osteoporosis in post-menopausal women [83], reactive arthritis associated with chlamydia or/and yersiniosis infections [84], and severe forms of acute pneumonia in children [85, 86]. 

Babinina L, Viznyak N, Matyukha L (1997) Enterosorbents in combined therapy of reactive arthritis. In Biosorption methods and preparations in prophylactic and therapeutic practice. First Conference, Kyiv (In Ukrainian), pp 78-79... 

Azathioprine is approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis and is used at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/d. Controlled trials show efficacy in psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Behget s disease. 

Campylohacteriosis is a widespread infection. It is caused by certain species of Campylobacter bacteria and in some countries, the reported number of cases surpasses the incidence of salmonellosis. Foodborne cases are mainly caused by foods such as raw milk, raw or undercooked poultry, and drinking water. Acute health effects of campylohacteriosis include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and diarrhea. In 2% to 10% of cases the infection may lead to chronic health problems, including reactive arthritis and neurological disorders. 

Most disorders in this group do not present with significant ocular involvement. However, SEE, periarteritis nodosa, Reiter s syndrome (reactive arthritis), juvenile RA, and, in some instances, RA can be clinically identified by their ophthalmic presentation at an early stage in the disease. There is evidence that early treatment can reduce morbidity and have a positive impact on the course of these disorders. 

The most common types of arthritis in the UK are osteoarthritis (UK prevalence 23%) and rheumatoid arthritis (1%). The less common t3 es of inflammatory arthritis include juvenile idiopathic arthritis spondylarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter s syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disecise) and reactive arthritis associated with infection. Joint pains (arthralgia) are common in many other diseases, for example the connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma), endocrine conditions (hypo-and h5 erthyroidism) and malignancies, but in these, joint inflammation and damage do not usually occur. 

Crohn s syndrome Reiter s Disease (Reactive arthritis) 1 1 1 1 after enteric infection Increased in young white men but increasing in... 

Reiter s Disease (reactive arthritis) Vertebral joints >15% develop alkylosing spondylitis or severe arthritis with neurologic sequelae... 

Alkylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory autoimmune reactive arthritis with a primary end organ target of the intervertebral joints and the sacroiliac joint at the hip. The characteristic features are a bowed spine and inflamed joints. Compared with 8% of Caucasians as a whole, 95% of people with alkylosing spondylitis have the HI. A B27 allele. Unlike many autoimmune diseases, alkylosing spondylitis is more common in men and has an early onset between 20 and 40 m years of age. 

Arthritis and arthralgia are well-known adverse effects of intravesical BCG instillation as part of therapy of bladder cancer (SED-13, 925). The etiology and the different clinical pictures of BCG immunotherapy have been discussed (51). Considering that mycobacteria are potent stimulators of the immune system and especially of T cells, it is not surprising to observe T cell-mediated aseptic arthritis after BCG therapy. The authors suggested that the site of immune stimulation is critical, since intradermal injection produces a clinical presentation similar to reactive arthritis, and intravesical therapy causes a clinical picture identical to Reiter s syndrome. 

Buchs N, Chevrel G, Miossec P. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced aseptic arthritis an experimental model of reactive arthritis. J Rheumatol 1998 25(9) 1662-5. 

Juvenile chronic polyarthropathy (62) and reactive arthritis (63) have been attributed to hepatitis B vaccine. Erythema nodosum and polyarthritis occurred the day after Engerix-B vaccine administration (64). The authors referred to reports of three other cases of polyarthritis in the literature. 

Biasi D, De Sandre G, Bambara LM, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Zanoni G, Tridente G. A new case of reactive arthritis after hepatitis B vaccination. Chn Exp Rheumatol 1993 11(2) 215. 

Lauhio A, Sorsa T, Lindy O, Suomalainen K, Saari H, Golub LM, Konttinen YT. The anticoUagenolytic potential of lymecycline in the long-term treatment of reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992 35(2) 195-8. 

Pott HG, Wittenborg A, Junge-Hulsing G. Long-term antibiotic treatment in reactive arthritis. Lancet 1988 l(8579) 245-6. 

A rheumatologist evaluated both patients and felt that the diagnosis was reactive arthritis, in his opinion most probably vaccine-related. The two cases are the first reports of reactive arthritis following oral typhoid immunization. However, the time-courses (1 day, 8 weeks) make a causal relation doubtful. 

Adachi JA, D Alessio FR, Ericsson CD. Reactive arthritis associated with typhoid vaccination in travelers report of two cases with negative HLA-B27. J Travel Med 2000 7(l) 35-6. 

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