Estrogen therapies

Other Agents That Promote Bone Mineral Content 

Several other innovative strategies have been developed recently to improve bone mineralization, leri- 

Another new strategy involves drugs that stimulate calcium receptors on the parathyroid gland, thereby inhibiting the release of PTH.49 As indicated 

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Thiazides and related diuretics are used in the treatment of hypertension, edema caused by CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, corticosteroid and estrogen therapy, and renal dysfunction. 

FELSON D T, ZHANG Y, HANNMAN M T, KIEL D P, WILSON P W, ANDERSON J J (1993) The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 329 1141-6. 

Pregnancy Cirrhosis Estrogen therapy Tamoxifen, raloxifene therapy Hereditary Increased clearance ... 

SUI. Systemic estrogen therapy also carries numerous short- and long-term side effect risks (mastodynia, uterine bleeding, nausea, thromboembolism, cardiac and cerebrovascular ischemic events, and enhanced breast and endometrial cancer risks). If estrogens are to be used in SUI management, only locally-administered products should be used (Table 50-4). 

Del Rio, G., Menozzi, R., Zizzo, G., Avogaro, A., Marrano, P. and Velardo, A., Increased cardiovascular response to caffeine in perimenopausal women before and during estrogen therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 135(5), 598-603, 1996. 

Some steroid molecules (estrone, estradiol, and estriol) have phenolic hydroxyl in the ring A (Figure 29.12) and therefore, are able to react as free radical scavengers. In 1987, Japanese authors [264,265] showed that all these compounds inhibited iron adriamycin- or iron ADP-ascorbate-dependent phospholipid and liposomal lipid peroxidation. Later on, most attention was drawn to the study of antioxidative properties of estradiol-17(3 (estrogen E2) it has been proposed that E2 antioxidant activity may contribute to cardioprotection observed after estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women. The necessity for the phenolic hydroxyl has been shown by studying the effects of several estrogens on LDL oxidation. It was found [266]... 

Raloxifene is well tolerated overall. Hot flushes occur more frequently in women recently finishing menopause or discontinuing estrogen therapy (ET). Endometrial bleeding occurs rarely. Raloxifene is contraindicated in women with an active or past history of venous thromboembolism. Therapy should be stopped if a patient anticipates extended immobility. 

Mild vaginal dryness can sometimes be relieved by nonestrogenic vaginal creams, but significant vaginal dryness often requires local or systemic estrogen therapy. 

In women with an intact uterus, hormone therapy consists of an estrogen plus a progestogen. In women who have undergone hysterectomy, estrogen therapy is given unopposed by a progestogen. 

Intermittent-combined (continuous-pulsed)—prevents monthly bleeding. It consists of 3 days of estrogen therapy alone, followed by 3 days of combined... 

A protective lipid profile, with reduction of total cholesterol and LDL and a modest increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), has been associated with oral estrogen therapy (Writing Group for the PEPI Trial 1995). This effect, however, has been considered negligible when compared with the benefits traditionally ascribed to estrogens (Marsh et al. 1999). 

However, estrogen is another substance that has been shown to enhance nerve cell growth. Estrogen therapy has been shown to boost cognition in nondemented... 

Leuprolide is used for prostate cancer, when orchiectomy or estrogen therapy is counterproductive to the patient. A synonym of this drug is lupron. 

There is no indication for estrogen therapy during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period. Estrogens are ineffective for the prevention or treatment of threatened or habitual abortion. Estrogens are not indicated for the... 

Female hypogonadism - Cyclically, administer 2.5 to 7.5 mg/day in divided doses for 20 days followed by a 10-day rest period. If bleeding does not occur by the end of this period, repeat the same dosage schedule. The number of courses of estrogen therapy necessary to produce bleeding varies depending on endometrial responsiveness. 

Familial hyperlipoproteinemia Estrogen therapy may be associated with massive elevations of plasma triglycerides leading to pancreatitis and other complications in patients with familial defects of lipoprotein metabolism. 

Lactation Estrogens have been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of breast milk and may be excreted in breast milk. Administer only when clearly needed. Children Estrogen therapy has been used for the induction of puberty in adolescents with some forms of pubertal delay. Safety and efficacy in children have not otherwise been established. 

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