Increasing actively caring

Catalysts and enzymes also can vary significantly between batches and exhibit activation and deactivation, so that reaction rates may be expected to vary with time. Thus it is not unusual to find that a reaction activation energy increases with the time that a process has been onstream, which one might need to fit by assuming that E is a function of time. As you might expect problems such as these require careful consideration and caution. We win consider catalytic reactions and their kinetics in Chapter 7. 

Supportive care is important, especially in unconscious patients. If the airway is protected (gag reflex or cuffed endotracheal tube present), then activated charcoal can be given. Repeated doses of oral activated charcoal increase the rate of elimination of several tricyclic antidepressants, but may not influence outcome. 

Tphe isomerization of olefins over acidic catalysts has been carefully A studied in the past few years. Hightower and Hall (1, 2) have studied the isomerization of n-butenes over silica-alumina. They were able to interpret their results in terms of a simple model involving the 2-butyl carbonium ion as a common intermediate. More recently Lombardo and Hall studied the isomerization of the same olefins over Na-Y-zeolite. They showed that the reaction was first order in conversion as well as time (3), that the isomers could be directly interconverted (4), and that activity sharply increased with water addition reaching a saturation value (5). There are, however, reports in the literature which are at variance with this idea. Dimitrov et al. (7, 8) explained their results for n-butene isomerization on Na-X-zeolite in terms of a free radical type mechanism. As discussed more thoroughly elsewhere (4) others have argued about the nature of catalytic activity on zeolites (9-13). 

Obstruction of the pancreatic duct by a calculus or by carcinoma of the pancreas may increase serum LPS activity depending on the location of the obstruction and the amount of remaining functioning tissue. In patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate, the serum LPS activity is increased. Thus care should be exercised in the interpretation of elevated serum LPS values in the presence of renal disease. Finally, investigation of the biliary tract by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography or treatment with opiates (which causes the sphincter of Oddi to contract) may increase serum LPS activity. 

The most common and serious side effect of warfarin is bleeding you should be careful to avoid situations or activities that increase your risk of injury apply direct pressure to control bleeding from superficial cuts. 

Intravenous theophylline does not affect the pharmaeokinetics of doxapram given to treat apnoea in premature infants. No adjustment of the dosage of doxapram is needed in the presence of theophylline. However, the manufaeturers of doxapram say that there may be an interaction between doxapram and aminophylline or theophylline, which is manifested by agitation and increased skeletal muscle activity. Care should therefore be taken if these drugs are used together. ... 

Throughout Section 3, suggestions for monitoring achievements are offered as I explain particular intervention strategies for teaching and motivating safe behavior. It is also possible to use surveys periodically and estimate successes from employee reactions to certain questions. A distress survey was presented in Chapter 6, for example, and a lower score on this survey would suggest improvement. In Section 4,1 show you how to measure an individual s propensity to "actively care" or go beyond the call of duty for another person s safety. Increases in these measures indicate safety success. 

A DO IT process could increase our use of personal protective equipment at home as well as at work. First, we need to accept the fact that we can all be xmconsciously or consciously incompetent with regard to some behaviors. Next, we need to xmderstand the necessity of behavioral feedback to improve our performance. Then, we need others in our family or work team to observe us with a CBC and then share their findings as actively caring feedback. 

Figure 10.6 Some activators imply ownership and increase actively caring.

Behavior-focused praising is a powerful rewarding consequence which not only increases the behavior it follows, but also increases a person s self-esteem. This, in turn, increases the individual s willingness to actively care for the safety of others, as I discuss more completely in Section 5 of this Handbook. 

Applying these techniques can also improve how you talk to yourself—your "self-talk." The payoff is increased self-esteem and perceptions of empowerment, which are essential for increasing our willingness to actively care for the safety and health... 

The strategies covered here for getting the most from interpersonal conversation are reviewed in Figure 13.9. Each technique is relevant for getting more safety-related involvement from others. Applying these strategies effectively can improve one s self-talk or intrapersonal conversation. This leads to increased self-esteem and perceptions of empowerment—person states which enhance an individual s willingness to actively care for the safety and health of others. Evidence for this is detailed in Section 5 of this Handbook. 

My main point here is that gossip can be good—if it is positive. When we talk about the success of others in behavior-specific terms, we begin a cycle of positive communication that can support desired behavior. It also helps to build an internal script for self-motivation. We also set an example for the kind of inter- and intrapersonal conversations that increase self-esteem, empowerment, and group cohesion. As explained in Section 5 of this Handbook, these are the very person states that increase actively caring behaviors and cultivate the achievement of a Total Safety Culture. 

Actively caring is planned and purposeful behavior, directed at environment, person, or behavior factors. It is reactive or proactive and direct or indirect. Direct, proactive, and behavior-focused active caring is most challenging, but it is usually most important for large-scale injury prevention. This chapter discusses conditions and situations that inhibit actively caring behavior. We need to understand why people resist opportunities to actively care for safety. Then, we can develop interventions to increase this desired behavior which is critical for achieving a Total Safety Culture. 

Section 4 of this Handbook addresses the need to increase actively caring behavior throughout a culture and to get the maximum safety and health benefits from this type of behavioral intervention. Psychologists have identified conditions and individual diarac-teristics (or person states) that influence people s willingness to actively care for the safety or health of others. I shall present these and link them to practical things we can do to increase the occurrence of active caring. 

In Section 4,1 presented techniques that actively caring intervention agents could use to increase safe behaviors and reduce at-risk behaviors. I propose we practice systematic and purposeful acts of kindness to keep other people safe and healthy We clearly need more of this in our society. Before examining ways to increase actively caring behaviors, though, it is necessary to define the concept more precisely and objectively. 

I was able to support and to reward those who were already buckled up and to influence some drivers to buckle up. In other words, realizing the special value of behavior-based actively caring enabled me to get more benefit from an environment-focused strategy with very little extra effort. This behavior-based effort was particularly convenient and effortless because it was indirect. You can see how the system for categorizing actively caring behavior allows us to compare real and potential acts of kindness and then to consider ways to increase their impact. 

Daily events can elevate or depress our moods. Some events are controllable, some are not. Clearly, the nature of our interactions with others can have a dramatic impact on the mood of everyone involved. As depicted in Figure 14.12, even a telephone conversation can lift a person s spirits and increase his or her propensity to actively care. Perhaps, remembering the research on mood and its effect will motivate us to adjust om interpersonal conversations with coworkers (see Chapter 13). We should also interact in a way that could influence a person s beliefs or expectations in certain directions, as explained next. 

Figure 14,12 Telephone conversations can lift moods and increase one s propensity to actively care.

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