Rewards power

In addition, the firm s benevolence-based trust moderates the relationship between the partner s reward power and the firm s predisposition to share information and know-how. With high level of benevolence-based trust, the firm perceives a positive orientation of the reward power influence exercised by the powerful partner. Also, the trust towards this partner makes the firm believe that the partner will keep its promise and be fair with the benefit appropriation. Hence, with higher level of benevolence-based trust, the partner s reward power has a greater effect on the firm s supply chain predisposition to share knowledge (Table 1). 

Proposition 6 Benevolence-based trust facilitates the effect of partner s information and reward power on the firm s predisposition to share information and know-how. 

The functions of the Academie Royal des Sciences were assumed in 1795 by a branch of the newly formed National Institute. Laplace was elected vice president of this reincarnated Academy and then elected president a few months later, in 1796. The duties of this position put him in contact with Napoleon Bonaparte. Three weeks after Napoleon seized power m 1799, Laplace presented him with copies of his work on celestial mechanics. Bonaparte quipped that he would read it in the first six weeks I have free and invited Laplace and his wife to dinner. Three weeks later, Napoleon named Laplace his minister of the interior. After six weeks, however, he was replaced Napoleon thought him a complete failure as an administrator. However, Napoleon continued to heap honors and rewards upon him, regarding him as a decoration of the state. lie made Laplace a chancellor of the Senate with a salai y that made him wealthy, named him to the Legion of Honor, and raised him to the rank of count of the empire. Laplace s wife was appointed a lady-in-waitmg to the Italian court of Napoleon s sister. Laplace responded with adulatory dedications of his works to Napoleon. 

Most gracious madam, my Queen and sister, I recommend me humbly to you, and give you God s blessing and mine. I shall entrust this letter to the boy that waits on me this night which is my last on earth. His name is Stephen Fairhurst and if this reach you by his hand it may have been at some danger to himself. I pray you see that he be rewarded in as much as it lies in your power to do it. 

Fig. 4 Role of extracellular dopamine in responding for natural rewards (a) and for nicotine (b). This figure illustrates the way increased extracellular DA in the shell subdivision of the nucleus ac-cumbens is postulated to increase the pleasure associated with behaviours that generate rewards. It is proposed that the behavioural role of the process is to facilitate the acquisition of behaviours that result in reward. The hypothesis proposes that the powerful reinforcing properties of drugs of dependence, such as nicotine, reflect their ability to act directly on the dopamine neurones that project to this subdivision of the accumbens. Reproduced with permission from Balfour (2006)...

This information asymmetry poses a powerful challenge to sponsors. The problem is particularly severe for end-to-end proposals, which, as previously noted, are automatically limited to pull incentives like prizes or Advanced Purchase Commitments. These incentives share the generic weakness that sponsors must decide how large a reward to offer. If sponsors offer a reward that is lower than expected costs, no R D occurs. But if sponsors offer a reward that is higher than expected costs, they will pay too much for any desired level of R D. Sponsors could avoid both dangers if end-to-end systems were compatible with contract R D, which lets sponsors set rewards based on sealed bids and other forms of competition that encourage researchers to reveal their true costs. Commercial pharmaceutical companies routinely use contract R D to contain preclinical and human testing costs. 

Peptidomimetics is an active branch of patterned synthesis. A notable family of tumor-avid peptides was derived from synthesis patterned on neurotensin, a peptide constituted of 13-amino acids. These synthetic peptides bind to the NT receptors expressed by many forms of cancer, which may serve to map the tumor, delivering radionuclides in situ (Waibel 2000). Molecules that, like the peptides, are constituted of repetitive blocks, are much simpler to synthesize than those composed of non-repetitive units. Given the powerful bioactivity, and improved stability on systemic administration, synthetic peptides may become rewarding it as it has been estimated, one in two men, and one in three women, will get cancer in their lifetime. 

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