Acrylics and Acrylates

Basic acrylate chemistry. The basic acrylic monomers or oligomers contain unsaturated double bonds (vinyl groups), and consequently cure by addition polymerization involving a free-radical reaction. Free-radical-producing compounds such as peroxides, peracetic acids, and sulfones are added to acrylic resins to initiate polymerization. Free-radical polymerization of acrylics may also be induced by exposure to UV or visible light. These UV-curing adhesives, most of which are based on acrylic or modified acrylic 

Reactive methacrylate monomers include methylmethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and butyl methacrylate. The polymerization reaction for the basic monomer is depicted in Fig. 3.15. 

Cyanoacrylates. Cyanoacrylates are one-part, highly polar thermoplastic polymers. The resin monomers cure in seconds when in contact with a weak base such as the moisture that is present on most surfaces. Many cyanoacrylate-adhesive formulations are commercially available, but not widely used in electronics assembly because of their poor resistance to solvents and moisture at elevated temperatures ( 70°C). Cyanoacrylates have relatively low impact and peel strengths and may be brittle unless toughened by the addition of elastomeric resins. 

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Mangipudi et al. [63,88] reported some initial measurements of adhesion strength between semicrystalline PE surfaces. These measurements were done using the SFA as a function of contact time. Interestingly, these data (see Fig. 22) show that the normalized pull-off energy, a measure of intrinsic adhesion strength is increased with time of contact. They suggested the amorphous domains in PE could interdiffuse across the interface and thereby increase the adhesion of the interface. Falsafi et al. [37] also used the JKR technique to study the effect of composition on the adhesion of elastomeric acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. The model PSA they used was a crosslinked network of random copolymers of acrylates and acrylic acid, with an acrylic acid content between 2 and 10%. 

T. Shimomura, Y. Me, H. Takahashi, K. Kajikawa, J. Saga, T. Fuji-wara, and T. Hatsuda. Process for production of acrylate and acrylate-containing polymer. Patent EP 372706,1990. 

The purpose of this chapter is to review the role of DMSP and related compounds in marine algae, with an emphasis on benthic macroalgae. The first section of this review will focus on DMSP. The second section will focus on its cleavage and the roles of its cleavage or breakdown products DMS, acrylate, and acrylic acid... 

What feedstock do acrylonitrile and acrylic acid have in common How about acrylates and acrylic acid ... 

L Acrylonitrile and acrylic acid can both be made out of propylene. Acrylates and acrylic acid can both be made out of acrylonitrile. 

Synthesis of Urethane Modified Acrylics and Acrylic Modified Urethanes. 1) Synthesis of PBH. Into a reaction kettle equipped with a nitrogen inlet, stirrer, reflux condenser, and an addition funnel charged 500g of xylene. The xylene was heated to reflux and a mixture of 375g butyImethacrylate (BMA), 125g of 2-... 

DePass LR, Maronpot RR, Weil CS Dermal oncogenicity bioassays of monofunctional and multifunctional acrylates and acrylate-based oligomers. 7 Toxicol Environ Health 16 55-60... 

Acrylates and acrylic chemistry have a wide variety of industrial uses that include ... 

Maleate Surfmers were found to outperform methacrylic and crotonic compounds in the copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid in seeded and nonseeded semicontinuous processes [17]. The maleate Surfmer achieved high conversion without homopolymerization in the aqueous phase which can result in emulsion instability. The methacrylate Surfmer was too reactive as opposed to the crotonate which was not sufficiently reactive. The reported dependence of the maleate Surfmer conversion on the particle diameter is consistent with a reaction at the particle surface. 

Returning to Vollmert s patent (18), we apply the more complete spectrum of operations to his example 1. In this case butyl acrylate and acrylic acid are dissolved in acetone with azoisobutyronitrile (initiator) and dodecyl mercaptan (chain transfer agent), polymerized, and the acetone is evaporated to form polymer 1. Separately, styrene and 1,4-butanediol monoacrylate are bead polymerized with benzoyl peroxide to form polymer 2. Polymers 1 and 2 are mechanically blended with the simultaneous addition of 1,4-butanediol followed by heating to promote grafting and crosslinking. These steps can be represented in some detail by ... 

An unusual process features a spun polythene band ich has been impregnated with blended acrylic latices, e.g, containing 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid in 1 component, and l,4 butanediol diacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid and NllAM in a second. 1 of the photosensitiser, benzoin isopropyl ether is also present. The impregnated band is drawn across an irradiation zone vdiilst resting on a thin layer of ice, thence forming a continuous leather - like band. (20)... 

AMS dimer was used to prepare a macromonomer of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate. Copolymerization of the resulting macromonomer with butyl acrylate and acrylic acid gave a polymer backbone with Tg less than 10 °C that is useful in adhesive applications.486 The adhesive is better than the same composition made without the intermediacy of the macromonomer. 

Lustrasol [Reichhold]. TM for acrylic and acrylic-modified alkyd solutions. 

Tatavarti, A.S., Mehta, K.A., Augsburger, L.L. and Hoag, S.W. (2004) InUuence of meth-acrylic and acrylic acid polymers on the release performance of weakly basic drugs from sustained release hydrophilic matrices. J Pharm Sci, 93, 2319-2331. 

The first PSAs consisted of rubber systems. Later, pure acrylates and acrylate copolymers, as well as polyurethane systems, were modified so as to meet higher specifications. The latest PSAs are made of polyolefinic adhesives. 

Acrylic modifiers for cement impact strength and adhesion to substrates are discussed in reference 211. Both water-soluble acrylic and acrylic emulsion polymers are used in the ceramic industry as temporary binders, deflocculants, and additive components in ceramic bodies and glazes (212) (see Ceraldcs). 

A copolymer of butyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized so as to approximate formulations used in waterborne formulation practice without departing drastically from the acrylic acid homopolymer. When 2-methy1-2-propanol solutions of these polymers were diluted with water and then dried, the rigidity trends followed the pattern (72) shown in Figure 8 and no evidence of secondary hydration was present. Reference to the original articles will reveal that the number of carboxylate triads should be minimized in the copolymerization if one wishes to ensure that the marketed product will be water insensitive. 

Sequabond . [Sequa] Acrylic and acrylic cqx>lymer emulsions for water-based inks and overprint varnishes. 

Ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid polymerize easily, and overheating must be avoided in the distillation. The flask is heated in an oil bath which is not permitted to rise above 115°. The diphenyl ether which is added serves to expel the acrylic acid at the end of the distillation. 

Thus the C=C double bond in allyl alcohol behaves as an isolated double bond and the catalytic mechanism (i.e., the first of Wagner s routes on p. 70, with no explict electron transfer) is thought to be more prevalent, whereas acrylonitrile reduction occurs by one of the second type of mechanistic routes where charged organic intermediates are involved. Methyl acrylate and acrylic acid can be reduced on cathodes with both high and low H2 overpotentials however, unsaturated nitriles are reduced only in low yields on metals with low H2 overvoltages. ... 

Silicone-free defoamers based on other incompatible polymers (e.g., acrylates and acrylic copolymers) are also commercially available. 

Acrylics and acrylates for low cost, rapid processing especially in UV-curing formulations. 

Rinsing plastics in special formulated (detergent) solutions (aqueous alkaline solutions with surfactants) can also help in odour removal, in particular in the elimination of vinyl monomers, styrene, acrylates and acrylics, as well as unsaturated hydrocarbons. 

While any plastic material, irrespective of its chemical composition and character, may be made into pipe or tubing, by far the greatest amount of pipe is made from thermoplastics (TPs) that are adaptable to extrusion processes (Chapter 5). Specialty pipe is made in small amounts from TS materials such as phenolic and polyester, but very large of commercial pipe is made from polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene copolymers, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene types of alloys. Specialty tubing in relatively small amounts is made of acrylates and acrylate copolymers, as well as other transparent materials (Chapter 3). 

General Description Polyethylenes consist of a family of thermoplastic resins obtained by polymerizing the gas ethylene [C2H4]. High molecular weight polymers (i.e., over 6,000) are the materials used in the plastics industry. Copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid are commercially important,... 

Uses Plasticizer for acrylic and acrylic foam coatings, PVC, caulks, and... 

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