Acrylic acid homopolymer

These ionic strength effects are illustrated for p(acrylic acid) homopolymer in Fig. 19.5. With no ionic strength, the polymer is excluded. The addition of even 10 mM sodium nitrate has a marked effect, but once approximately 50 mM is reached, no further changes are seen. 

A copolymer of butyl acrylate and acrylic acid was synthesized so as to approximate formulations used in waterborne formulation practice without departing drastically from the acrylic acid homopolymer. When 2-methy1-2-propanol solutions of these polymers were diluted with water and then dried, the rigidity trends followed the pattern (72) shown in Figure 8 and no evidence of secondary hydration was present. Reference to the original articles will reveal that the number of carboxylate triads should be minimized in the copolymerization if one wishes to ensure that the marketed product will be water insensitive. 

Synonyms Acrylic acid homopolymer Acrylic acid polymer Acrylic acid, polymers Acrylic acid resin Acrylic polymer Acrylic polymer resins Acrylic resin Atactic poly(acrylic acid) PAA Polyacrylate Poly (acrylic acid) 2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer Propenoic acid polymer Propenoic acid, polymers, homopolymer IMinition Polymer of acrylic acid En rirical (CjHjOj),... 

Acrylic acid, hexyl ester. See n-Hexyl acrylate Acrylic acid homopolymer. See Polyacrylic acid Acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester. See 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate... 

PP-g-AA/PS/PS-f-GMA Morphology/rheology/effect of poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer present in PP-g-AA Kim et al. 1999c... 

The melt phase grafting reaction of acrylic acid onto polypropylene proceeds by a free radical mechanism (10). Radicals generated by thermal decomposition of an initiator abstract hydrogen from the polypropylene backbone and initiate homopolymerization of acrylic acid. Acrylic acid also adds to the sites on the backbone, with the result that the product contains acrylic acid grafted polypropylene (AA-g-PP) and poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer. 

Fig. 5. Representation of acrylic acid homopolymer. In on-line displays of CAS registry records, all subscripts-numerical (next to the atoms) and letter (outside parentheses)— appear on the same line.

With acrylic acid, alternating copolymers are reported to be obtained only when MA is present in excess, otherwise some acrylic acid homopolymer is produced along with the 1 1 copolymer.These conclusions were reached after various molar ratios of the monomer pair were polymerized both in bulk and solution with BPO initiator. 

This reaction has implications for the rheological properties of slip agent. The amount of absorbed binder (acrylic acid homopolymer), its pIQ, pH, time, and other additives (dispersant) influence rheological properties." Also, silica particles are able to form ionic associations, and this may be important in the case of inorganic antiblocking agents used in some formulations. 

Trade Names Hypan SA100H Hypan SR150H Acrylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester Acrylic acid-N,N-diethylaminoethyl ester. See Diethylaminoethyl acrylate Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester. See Octyl acrylate Acrylic acid, glacial. See Acrylic acid Acrylic acid homopolymer. See Polyacrylic acid Acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymer CAS 29132-58-9 UN 3265... 

III Acrylic acid homopolymer 23,000 45.2 Tartaric Methanol acid 4.75 5.0... 

Polyacrylic acid (pAA) homopolymers and related copolymers have become a commercially important class of water-soluble polymers. Acrylic acid polymers can range in molecular mass from less than 1000 Da to greater than 1,000,000 Da. A representative set of analysis conditions is... 

In a partially crystalline homopolymer, nylon 6, property enhancement has been achieved by blending with a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) or its salt form ionomer [24]. Both additives proved to be effective impact modifiers for nylon 6. For the blends of the acid copolymer with nylon 6, maximum impact performance was obtained by addition of about 10 wt% of the modifier and the impact strength was further enhanced by increasing the acrylic acid content from 3.5 to 6%. However, blends prepared using the salt form ionomer (Sur-lyn 9950-Zn salt) instead of the acid, led to the highest impact strength, with the least reduction in tensile... 

During mutual graft copolymerization, homopolymerization always occurs. This is one of the most important problems associated with this technique. When this technique is applied to radiation-sensitive monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyfunctional acrylates, and their esters, homopolymer is formed more rapidly than the graft. With the low-molecular weight acrylate esters, particularly ethyl acrylate, the homopolymer problem is evidenced not so much by high yields as by erratic and irreproducible grafting. 

First, these copolymers undergo decarboxylation more readily than any of the homopolymers. Second, decarboxylation involves the units of acrylic add at temperatures which do not affect homopolymers of acrylic acid. In our view, the first phenomenon is accounted for by the effect of separation of conjugation blocks exemplified by this particular chemical reaction. As to the second observation, we believe that decarboxylation under relatively mild conditions (160—170 °C) affects, apparently, the fragments of acrylic acid located at the junctions of the blocks. 

Polyelectrolytes are polymers having a multiplicity of ionizable groups. In solution, they dissociate into polyions (or macroions) and small ions of the opposite charge, known as counterions. The polyelectrolytes of interest in this book are those where the polyion is an anion and the counterions are cations. Some typical anionic polyelectrolytes are depicted in Figure 4.1. Of principal interest are the homopolymers of acrylic acid and its copolymers with e.g. itaconic and maleic adds. These are used in the zinc polycarboxylate cement of Smith (1968) and the glass-ionomer cement of Wilson Kent (1971). More recently, Wilson Ellis (1989) and Ellis Wilson (1990) have described cements based on polyphosphonic adds. 

The liquid is usually a 30-43 % solution of a poly(alkenoic add) which is a homopolymer of acrylic acid or a copolymer with itaconic acid, maleic add, or 3-butene 1,2,3-tricarboxylic add (Smith, 1969 Bertenshaw Combe, 1972a Jurecic, 1973 ESPE, 1975 Wilson, 1975b Suzaki, 1976 Crisp, Lewis Wilson, 1976a Crisp Wilson, 1974c, 1977 Crisp et al., 1980). The method of preparation has already been given in Section 5.3, and the structures of these alkenoic add units are shown in Figure 5.1. The molecular mass of these polyadds varies from 22000 to 49000... 

The poly(alkenoic acid)s used in glass polyalkenoate cement are generally similar to those used in zinc polycarboxylate cements. They are homopolymers of acrylic acid and its copolymers with itaconic add, maleic add and other monomers e.g. 3-butene 1,2,3-tricarboxylic add. They have already been described in Section 5.3. The poly(acrylic add) is not always contained in the liquid. Sometimes the dry add is blended with glass powder and the cement is activated by mixing with water or an aqueous solution of tartaric add (McLean, Wilson Prosser, 1984 Prosser et al., 1984). 

The chemistry of polyelectrolyte cement liquids has been studied using NMR. Watts (1979) used this technique to distinguish between the homopolymer of acrylic acid and its copolymer with itaconic acid in various commercial polyelectrolyte dental cements. This was readily achieved because of the ability of NMR to differentiate between carbon atoms in chemical environments that are only slightly different. 

Conventional polymer and phosphonate scale inhibitors may not be appropriate for application in high-pressure and high-temperature reservoirs. Only a limited range of commercially available oil field scale inhibitor chemicals are sufficiently thermally stable at temperatures above 150° C. These chemicals are homopolymers of vinyl sulfonate and copolymers of acrylic acid... 

After a few minutes irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp at about 50 C, a rather complete cover of grafted acrylic acid, acrylamide and other vinyl monomers could be obtained. In later experiments a continuous grafting method has been developed where a tape or a fiber bundle after suitable pretreatment is grafted by UV irradiation for a few seconds. Homopolymer formed is removed by washing and grafted polymer analyzed by dye absorption, IR reflection and ESCA spectroscopy. 

In 1968, a French Patent issued to the Sumitomo Chemical Company disclosed the polymerization of several vinyl monomers in C02 [84], The United States version of this patent was issued in 1970, when Fukui and coworkers demonstrated the precipitation polymerization of several hydrocarbon monomers in liquid and supercritical C02 [85], As examples of this methodology, they demonstrated the preparation of the homopolymers PVC, PS, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). In addition, they prepared the random copolymers PS-co-PMMA and PVC-co-PVAc. In 1986, the BASF Corporation was issued a Canadian Patent for the preparation of polymer powders through the precipitation polymerization of monomers in carbon dioxide at superatmospheric pressures [86], Monomers which were polymerized as examples in this patent included 2-hydroxyethylacrylate and iV-vinylcarboxamides such as iV-vinyl formamide and iV-vinyl pyrrolidone. 

The resulting acrylic acid/N-(hydroxyalky1) acrylamide copolymers were evaluated for their deposit control and dispersant activities as compared to the homopolymer of acrylic acid. Differences in the activities could be attributed to the incorporation of the N-hydroxylalkylacrylamide moiety into the polymer chain. 

Monomers which can add to their own radicals are capable of copolymerizing with SO2 to give products of variable composition. These include styrene and ring-substituted styrenes (but not a-methylstyrene), vinyl acetate, vinyl bromide, vinyl chloride, and vinyl floride, acrylamide (but not N-substituted acrylamides) and allyl esters. Methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, acrylates, and acrylonitrile do not copolymerize and in fact can be homopolymer-ized in SO2 as solvent. Dienes such as butadiene and 2-chloro-butadiene do copolymerize, and we will be concerned with the latter cortpound in this discussion. 

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