Acids dicarboxylic, from unsaturated

The dimer acids [61788-89-4] 9- and 10-carboxystearic acids, and C-21 dicarboxylic acids are products resulting from three different reactions of C-18 unsaturated fatty acids. These reactions are, respectively, self-condensation, reaction with carbon monoxide followed by oxidation of the resulting 9- or 10-formylstearic acid (or, alternatively, by hydrocarboxylation of the unsaturated fatty acid), and Diels-Alder reaction with acryUc acid. The starting materials for these reactions have been almost exclusively tall oil fatty acids or, to a lesser degree, oleic acid, although other unsaturated fatty acid feedstocks can be used (see Carboxylic acids. Fatty acids from tall oil Tall oil). 

Jimenez-Rodriguez C, Eastham GR, Cole-Hamilton DJ (2005) Dicarboxylic acid esters from the carbonylation of unsaturated esters under mild conditions. Inorg Chem Commun 8(10) 878-881... 

The amidation of unsaturated acids or esters (not necessarily a,(3 unsaturated ones) leads to derivatives of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids and may serve as a method for the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids from unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (10,13, 14). This reaction of formamide with oc,(3-unsaturated acid derivatives besides being of synthetic value has some interesting aspects as far as free radical chemistry and photochemistry are concerned. We shall start this section in discussing the last point, i.e. the photochemical aspects of the reaction. This point is of primary interest to the synthetic organic chemist, who must be aware of it, otherwise he may fail in his synthetic work purely because of photochemical reasons. 

Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acids from Unsaturated Fatty Acids... 

Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acid from Unsaturated Fatty Acids by Ruthenium-Catalysed Oxidative Cleavage of C = C-Double Bonds... 

Tedetti, M., Kawamura, K., Nakurawa, M., Jonx, F., Charriere, B., and Sempere, R. Hydroxyl radical-induced photochemical formation of dicarboxylic acids from unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in aqueous solution. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 188(1), 135-139. 2007. 

Simulated moving-bed (SMB) processes have been widely nsed for difficult, liquid-phase separations (Ruthven, 1984 Humphrey and Keller, 1997 Juza et al 2000). Sorbex is the generic name used by UOP for these processes. The most important application is the separation of the xylene isomers, named the Parex process. Other commercialized SMB separations include n-paraffins/isoparaffins (Molex), olefins/paraffins (Olex), fructose/glucose (Sarex), and chiral SMB separations (Juza et al., 2000). A host of other separations have been demonstrated (Humphrey and Keller, 1997), although the commercial status of these applications is unknown. These demonsffated separations include separation of hydroxyparaf-finic dicarboxylic acids from olefinic dicarboxylic acids removal of thiophene, pyridine, and phenol from naphtha separation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters from saturated fatty acid methyl esters and separation of saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acid (Humphrey and Keller, 1997). 

G-20 Dicarboxylic Acids. These acids have been prepared from cyclohexanone via conversion to cyclohexanone peroxide foUowed by decomposition by ferrous ions in the presence of butadiene (84—87). Okamura Oil Mill (Japan) produces a series of commercial acids based on a modification of this reaction. For example, Okamura s modifications of the reaction results in the foUowing composition of the reaction product C-16 (Linear) 4—9%, C-16 (branched) 2—4%, C-20 (linear) 35—52%, and C-20 (branched) 30—40%. Unsaturated methyl esters are first formed that are hydrogenated and then hydrolyzed to obtain the mixed acids. Relatively pure fractions of C-16 and C-20, both linear and branched, are obtained after... 

Long-chain unsaturated a,oo-dicarboxylic acid methyl esters and their epox-idized derivahves were polymerized with 1,3-propanediol or 1,4-butanediol in the presence of lipase CA catalyst to produce reachve polyesters. The molecular weight of the polymer from 1,4-butanediol was higher than that from... 

A dispersant that can be used in drilling fluids, spacer fluids, cement slurries, completion fluids, and mixtures of drilling fluids and cement slurries controls the rheologic properties of and enhances the filtrate control in these fluids. The dispersant consists of polymers derived from monomeric residues, including low-molecular-weight olefins that may be sulfonated or phosphonated, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides, unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, vinyl alcohols and diols, and sulfonated or phosphonated styrene. The sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and carboxylic acid groups on the polymers may be present in neutralized form as alkali metal or ammonium salts [192,193]. 

Catalytic oxidation of ozonides over platinum appears to be accompanied by the same ester by-product disadvantage found in the thermal process. Chain degradation by other reactions is less serious, however, and transesterification does not occur. The method can therefore be used to prepare a half-ester of a dicarboxylic acid from an ester of a suitable unsaturated acid. If ozonide autoxidation occurs by the route, ozonide — aldehyde — peracid, with the latter acting as precursor of both acid and ester products (20-24), it is interesting to compare reaction rates observed in the present study with the rate of uptake of oxygen by... 

MixedPhosphonate Esters. Unsaturated, mixed phosphonate esters have been prepared from monoesters of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids. For example, maleic anhydride reacts with this diol to form the maleate, which is treated with benzenephosphonic acid to yidd an unsaturated product. These esters have been used as flame-retardant additives for thermoplastic and thermosetting resins (97). 

A mixture of palladium chloride and triphenylphosphine effectively catalyzes carboxylation of linoleic and linolenic acids and their methyl esters with water at 110°-140°C and carbon monoxide at 4000 psig. The main products are 1,3-and 1,4-dicarboxy acids from dienes and tricarboxy acids from trienes. Other products include unsaturated monocar-boxy and dicarboxy acids, carbomethoxy esters, and substituted a,J3-unsaturated cyclic ketones. The mechanism postulated for dicarboxylation involves cyclic unsaturated acylr-PdCl-PhsP complexes. These intermediates control double bond isomerization and the position of the second carboxyl group. This mechanism is consistent with our finding of double bond isomerization in polyenes and not in monoenes. A 1,3-hydrogen shift process for double bond isomerization in polyenes is also consistent with the data. 

Acrylic acid [79-10-7] - [AIR POLLUTION] (Vol 1) - [ALDEHYDES] (Vol 1) - [ALLYL ALCOHOL AND MONOALLYL DERIVATIVES] (Vol 2) - [MALEIC ANHYDRIDE, MALEIC ACID AND FUMARIC ACID] (Vol 15) - [POLYESTERS, UNSATURATED] (Vol 19) - [FLOCCULATING AGENTS] (Vol 11) - [CARBOXYLICACIDS - SURVEY] (Vol 5) -from acetylene [ACETYLENE-DERIVED CHEMICALS] (Vol 1) -from acrolein [ACROLEIN AND DERIVATIVES] (Vol 1) -acrylic esters from [ACRYLIC ESTER P OLYMERS - SURVEY] (Vol 1) -from carbon monoxide [CARBON MONOXIDE] (Vol 5) -C-21 dicarboxylic acids from piCARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 8) -decomposition product [MAT. ETC ANHYDRIDE, MALEIC ACID AND FUMARIC ACID] (Vol 15) -economic data [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMIC ASPECTS] (Vol 5) -ethylene copolymers [IONOMERS] (Vol 14) -in floor polishes [POLISHES] (Vol 19) -in manufacture of ion-exchange resins [ION EXCHANGE] (V ol 14) -in methacrylate copolymers [METHACRYLIC POLYMERS] (Vol 16) -in papermaking [PAPERMAKING ADDITIVES] (Vol 18)... 

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