Acetone/ethanol production

Bioethanol production by yeasts is widely used for biodegradation of potato. However, yeasts cannot ferment starch directly, and a two-step enzymatic reaction to glucose is necessary. Different potato wastes such as industrial residues, low-grade potatoes, and spoiled potatoes can be used for acetone/ethanol production (Nimcevic et al., 1998). They used whole potato media... 

Pure (9-terphenyl can be obtained by fractional distillation. To obtain high purity m- or -terphenyl, the appropriate distillation fraction has to be further purified by recrysta11i2ing, 2one refining, or other refining techniques. Currently, litde demand exists for pure isomers, and only a mixture is routinely produced. Small amounts of acetone, ethanol, or methanol are used to promote dehydrocondensation, and as a result, minor amounts of methyl- or methylene-substituted polyphenyls accompany the biphenyl and terphenyls produced. For most purposes, the level of such products (<1%) is so small that their presence can be ignored. For appHcations requiring removal of these alkyl-polyphenyl impurities, an efficient process for their oxidative destmction has been described (38). 

To a solution of 11.8 g of 2-A-pyrrolidylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one in 25 ml of dry ether is added 25 g of methyl iodide in one portion. The solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours, then filtered to remove the product. To the filtrate is added 5 g of methyl iodide and after 5 hours at room temperature, solid is again collected. A third crop is similarly obtained. The combined solids (approx. 17 g) are recrystallized from acetone-ethanol to give about 16 g of the methiodide, mp 220-222°. 

Preparation of 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid To a solution of 750 mg (1 55 mmol) of p-nitrobenzyl 7-amino-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylate hydrochloride in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 40 ml of methanol was added a suspension of 750 mg of prereduced 5% palladium on carbon catalyst in 20 ml of ethanol and the suspension was hydrogenated under 50 psi of hydrogen at room temperature for 45 minutes. The catalyst was filtered and washed with THF and water. The filtrate and catalyst washes were combined and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a water-ethyl acetate mixture and the pH adjusted to pH 3. The insoluble product was filtered and triturated with acetone. The product was then dried to yield 115 mg of 7-amlno-3-chloro-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. 

In another representative procedure about 2.3 mols of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol is dissolved in about 1,700 ml of methanol under a nitrogen atmosphere about 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1B0 ml of acetone are added, and the mixture is stirred and maintainedat a temperature of about 35°C to 50°C, for 1.5 hours. The mixture is then cooled to room temperature and filtered, and the bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetone mercaptole product is collected as a colorless crystalline solid filter cake. The product is washed with water and aqueous sodium bicarbonate and purified by recrystallization from ethanol. 

Use of cosolvent. Various cosolvents, such as acetone, ethanol, methanol, hexane, dichloromethane, and water, have been used for the removal of carotenoids using SC-CO2 extraction (Ollanketo and others 2001). All these cosolvents except water (only 2% of recovery) increased the carotenoid recovery. The use of vegetable oils such as hazelnut and canola oil as a cosolvent for the recovery of carotenoids from carrots and tomatoes have been reported (Sun and Temelli, 2006 Shi, 2001 Vasapollo and others 2004). For the extraction without cosolvent addition, the lycopene yield was below 10% for 2- to 5-hr extraction time, whereas in the presence of hazelnut oil, the lycopene yield increased to about 20% and 30% in 5 and 8 hr, respectively. The advantages of using vegetable oils as cosolvents are the higher extraction yield the elimination of organic solvent addition, which needs to be removed later and the enrichment of the oil with carotenoids that can be potentially used in a variety of product applications. 

It has been known for a long time that polynitroaromatic compounds produce colored products in contact with aUcafis [1]. These color reactions have been extensively used for the identification of nitroaromatic explosives. In the Janowski reaction [7], a solution of the polynitroaromatic compound (di- or trinitroaromatic) in acetone is treated with concentrated aqueous KOH solution. 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), treated with 30% aqueous KOH, produced violet-red and red colors, respectively. Many variations of the Janowski reaction were reported, using KOH or NaOH in aqueous or ethanoHc solutions as reagents, and dissolving the explosives in acetone, ethanol or acetone-ethanol mixture [3,8]. The reaction was used both for spot tests and for spraying TLC plates [9]. 

Action of Diethylamine on Decomposition of Ethyl tert-Butyl Peroxide. The rate of decomposition of ethyl ferf-butyl peroxide is decreased by adding diethylamine (Figure 7), and the yield of products is altered (Table II). Again, the yield of methane is increased at the expense of ethane and f erf-butyl alcohol is increased at the expense of acetone. Ethanol and acetaldehyde are formed in considerably greater amounts. The yields of carbon monoxide and methyl ethyl ketone are decreased. 

The submitters state that the compound may be recrystallized by boiling with acetone under an upright condenser and adding ethanol cautiously down the condenser until the solid just dissolves. The substance is appreciably soluble in the cold solvent mixture. It is necessary to distil the mother liquor and recrystallize the residue from acetone-ethanol, for otherwise a considerable loss of product will occur. The checkers used isopropyl alcohol for crystallization. 

PROP A by-product of isopropyl alcohol manufacture composed of trimeric and tetrameric polypropylene -I- small amounts of benzene, toluene, alkyl benzenes, polyaromatic ring compounds, hexane, heptane, acetone, ethanol, isopropyl ether, and isopropyl alcohol (lARC 15,225,77). CONSENSUS REPORTS lARC Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 15,223,77 Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT 15,223,77. 

The reaction products were analyzed by chromatography and chromatomass-spectrometry. The complex mixture of oxygen containing organic compounds and C - C6 hydrocarbons was formed. Oxygen containing products consist of C - C4 aldehydes (formaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, butiraldehyde), C2 - C4 acids (acetic, propionic, butyric), acetone, ethanol and the traces of C3 - C4 alcohols of normal structure. 

Other compounds that have been detected in mushroom volatiles include a range of Cg alcohols, their esters and oxidation products and various other compounds such as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate,... 

On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), alcohol-resistant foam, or COj extinguishers. PHOSPHORIC ACID, O.O-DIETHYL-O-6-METHYL-2-(l-METHYLETHYL)-4-PYRIMIDINYL ESTER (333-41-5) C.jHj.NjOjPS Commercial products containing hydrocarbon carriers acetone, ethanol, xylene can form explosive mixture with air [flashpoint 82 to 105°F/28 to 41°C]. A weak base. Hydrolyzes slowly in water and dilute acid ll With excess water this conqjound produces diethylthiophosphoric acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidol. With insufficient water or contact with strong alkalis or acids, this compound produces highly toxic tetraethyl monothiopyrophosphate. Contact with oxidizers may cause the release of toxic phosphoms oxides. Contact with strong... 

Crystals, mp 54-55. Commercial product is a reddish-brown solid, mp 25-30°. Vapor press, at 20 7 X 106 mm Hg. Misc with water sol in acetone, ethanol practically insol in diesel oils, keroslne. I I ),0 in male, female rats 17. 20 mg/kg orally 126, 1)2 mg/kg dermally, T. B. Gaines. ToxicoL Appl. Pharmacol. 14, 515 (1969). 

Lipases are manufactured by fermentation of selected microorganisms followed by a purification process. The enzymatic interesterification catalysts are prepared by the addition of a solvent such as acetone, ethanol, or methanol to a slurry of an inorganic particulate material in buffered lipase solution. The precipitated enzyme coats the inorganic material, and the lipase-coated particles are recovered by filtration and dried. Various support materials have been used to immobilize lipases. Generally, porous particulate materials with high surface areas are preferred. Typical examples of the support materials are ion-exchange resins, silicas, macroporous polymers, clays, etcetera. Effective support functionality requirements include (i) the lipase must adsorb irreversibly with a suitable structure for functionality, (ii) pore sizes must not restrict reaction rates, (iii) the lipase must not contaminate the finished product, (iv) the lipase must be thermally stable, and (v) the lipase must be economical. The dried particles are almost inactive as interesterification catalyst until hydrated with up to 10% water prior to use. 

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