Inorganic particulates

Solids Organic Particulate Matter Inorganic Particulate Matter ng/L to mg/L ng/L to mg/L Plankton biomass, fecal pellets, molts, feeding nets Atmospheric dust, riverborne clay minerals, iron oxyhydroxides, micrometeorites... 

Some inorganic particulate fillers have also been considered as toughening agents for epoxy materials. Glass beads, fly ash, alumina trihydrate, and silica were used early on to improve the toughness of filled epoxy resins. Various studies, however, have demonstrated that the fracture energy of filled epoxies reaches a maximum at a specific filler concentration. 

The major contributors to radiation are soot, carbon dioxide, water vapor, inorganic particulates and other intermediate products whose concentrations depend upon the particular fuel. The presence of solid particles such as ash and carbonaceous material affects the radiation heat transport as they are continuous emitters, absorbers, and scatterers of radiation. Carbonaceous particles tend to be large relative to the wavelength of radiation and have surfaces with high absorptivity. 

It is well known that small molecules can be removed from larger molecules using inorganic materials such as molecular sieves. However, this approach contaminates the polymer with inorganic particulates. The only literature teaching this approach are Russian patents claiming the addition of silica gel [27] and mont-morillonite clay [28] to absorb styrene from PS. The advances in nanocomposite technology in recent years may allow further development of this approach. 

Mossman BT, Craighead JE. 1979. Use of hamster tracheal organ cultures for assessing the cocarcinogenic effects of inorganic particulates on the respiratory epithelium. Prog Exp Tumor Res 24 37-47. 

Inorganic particulate nitrate products would be added if it were necessary to complete the material balance to account for nitrogen (36). 

The humic content of soils varies from 0 to almost 10%. In surface waters, the humic content, expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), varies from 0.1 to 50 ppm in dark-water swamps. In ocean waters, the DOC varies from 0.5 to 1.2 ppm at the surface, and the DOC in samples from deep groundwaters varies from 0.1 to 10 ppm (7). In addition, about 10% of the DOC in surface waters is found in suspended matter, either as organic or organically coated inorganic particulates. 

The viscosity range of crude and lubricating oils can vary significantly from different location sources and the distilled version. The determination of metals is necessary prior to refining and cracking/fractionation . The metals are present as inorganic particulates... 

It is a promising perspective to integrate the sediment transport model described in Kuhrts et al. (2004) into the biogeochemical model components of Neumann et al. (2002) to identify the transport paths of organic and inorganic particulate matter from the sources (rivers and primary production in the surface layer) to the deposition areas in the deep basins, where accumulation of new sediment is observed. 

Mishra, S.P, Dubey, S.S., and Tiwari, D., Inorganic particulates in removal of heavy metal toxic ions. IX. Rapid and efficient removal of Hg(II) by hydrous manganese and tin oxides, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 219, 61, 2004. 

Recently in thin film electronics research, inorganic (particulate) films have received a lot of attention [3, 23]. High charge carrier mobilities (mainly n-type) and good environmental stability make inorganic materials highly favourable for electronics applications. Their generally problematic processability, however, limits current application in printed electronics. 

One example of inorganic (particulate) materials is zinc oxide (ZnO). ZnO is a non-toxic and transparent material and a good n-type semiconductor. Charge carrier mobilities obtained in FETs exceed the amorphous silicon benchmark of 1 cm A s [24, 25]. However, to obtain these high field-effect mobilities, the ZnO films have to be annealed at temperatures incompatible with flexible substrates. 

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