Oxygen organic compounds containing

FIGURE 14.24 A flow chart emphasizing the oxygen classification to be discussed next in the text. 

Classify the following hydrocarbons, and draw a Lewis structure for each one. A compound may fit into more than one of the following classifications  

Many organic compounds contain oxygen atoms bonded to alkyl groups. The major classes of oxygen-containing compounds are alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and acid derivatives. 

Alcohols are some of the most common organic compounds. Methyl alcohol (methanol), also known as wood alcohol, is used as an industrial solvent and as an automobile racing fuel. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is sometimes called grain alcohol because it is produced by the fermentation of grain or almost any other organic material. Isopropyl alcohol is the common name for 2-propanol, used as rubbing alcohol.  

The carbonyl group is strongly polar, and most ketones and aldehydes are somewhat soluble in water. Both acetone and acetaldehyde are miscible with water. Acetone, often used as nail polish remover, is a common solvent with low toxicity. 

Systematic names for carboxylic acids use the -oic acid suffix, but historical names are commonly used. Formic acid was first isolated from ants, genus Formica. Acetic acid, found in vinegar, gets its name from the Latin word for sour (acetum). Propionic acid gives the tangy flavor to sharp cheeses, and butyric acid provides the pungent aroma of rancid butter. 

Bombach, J. Dannacher, J. P. Stadelmann, and J. Vogt, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1981, 77, 399. 

Hashimoto, S. Nagakura, J. Nakamura, and S. Iwata, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1980, 74, 228. 

The zero-pressure decay rates of HC C—CHO and HC C—CDO triplet states have been measured to be 3.1 x 10 and 1.7 x 10 s , respectively. Subtracting the contribution from radiative decay (0.71 x 10 s in each case) yields the Sq ISC rates, and these show that the substitution of an 

An elegant experiment that measures directly the unimolecular decomposition rate of process (4) has been reported. Tetramethyldioxetan is excited in the near- 

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In Group 15 (V), nitrogen compounds readily form molecular compounds with BF. Phosphoms compounds also form adducts with BF. Inorganic or organic compounds containing oxygen form many adducts with boron trifluoride, whereas sulfur and selenium have been reported to form only a few (41—43). 

The study of reaction 7.73 is one of the most important thermochemical experiments ever made, and it will be briefly analyzed here to illustrate the flame combustion calorimetry method. The application of flame combustion calorimetry to hydrocarbons and other organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, or chlorine is covered in detail in the review by Pilcher [90]. 

Undissociated acids form adduct complexes with organic compounds, containing oxygen donor atoms. If the adducts formed are soluble in... 

Alcohols, like most organic compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen, cire soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid because the acid protonates the oxygen atom, as illustrated in Figure 3-5. 

Certain classes of organic compounds containing oxygen atoms, such as aldehydes and ethers, may react with oxygen to form peroxy derivatives ... 

Numerous important organic compounds contain oxygen bonded to sulfur. Among these compounds are the sulfoxides and sulfones, shown by the examples in Figure 17.7. 

Account for the fact that nearly every organic compound containing oxygen dissolves in cold concentrated sulfuric acid to yield a solution from which the compound can be recovered by dilution with water. 

Hydrocarbons constitute 50-98% of petroleum, and the remainder is composed chiefly of organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur and trace amounts of organometallic compounds. The hydrocarbon types found in petroleum are paraffins (alkanes), cycloparafflns (naphthenes or... 

VI. The Exchange of Other Organic Compounds containing Oxygen with Water 174... 

Strickland-Constable42 offers a constructive interpretation of the behavior of carbon when subjected to increasing temperature, based on analogous behavior of organic compounds containing oxygen. Such organic compounds decompose to yield carbon monoxide and dioxide at widely different temperatures the decomposition... 

Table 4.5.1 (continued) C-C BDEs in Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen Atom(s)... 

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