Academia research

The grafting of polymers to substrates has been studied for over fifty years and remains an important goal in polymer science. Recent work has focused on the synthesis of so-called polymer brushes whereby the polymer chains stretch out away from the substrate or interface [1-5]. This contemporary topic is a direct descendent of earlier work on organic graft copolymers in industry and academia. Research in this area is driven by the need to control the interfacial properties of films and the compatibility of blends. 

Research program diversity Session 3 introduced presentations and speakers from outside the more established centers of research. The presenters were a mix of academia, research laboratories, and industry. This served to provide additional evidence of the breadth of the research that is occurring in the field of biotechnology-based fuels and chemicals. 

As these processes continue to develop, we also expect to see new modes of cooperation between academia, research institutes, and industry. New and innovative intellectual property (IP) arrangements may be necessary to protect the IP in a fair manner while enabling quick technology transfer and commercial... 

This book contains chapters written by different authors. It critically compares the technology, modelling and simulation, mechanism and remediation and safety measures so that the most attractive options for petrochemical research can be identified for academia, research scientists, research scholars, science and engineering students and industry professionals. 

With such broad technical content, covering the basic concepts and recent advances, the book serves as both a useful textbook and as a handbook for students, researchers, engineers, R D scientists from academia, research laboratories and industries (related to resins, fibre composites, adhesive, paints, rubbers, printing inks, and more). 

In this section, we discuss the role of numerical simulations in studying the response of materials and structures to large deformation or shock loading. The methods we consider here are based on solving discrete approximations to the continuum equations of mass, momentum, and energy balance. Such computational techniques have found widespread use for research and engineering applications in government, industry, and academia. 

An exhaustive director) of resources on the web for chemists in varied fields industrial, research, and academia. 

The aspects of medium engineering summarized so far were a hot topic in biocatalysis research during the 1980s and 1990s [5]. Nowadays, all of them constitute a well-established methodology that is successfully employed by chemists in synthetic applications, both in academia and industry. In turn, the main research interests of medium engineering have moved toward the use of ionic liquids as reaction media and the employment of additives. 

It is characteristic of U S. labor markets for scientific and engineering persormel to experience severe shortages and overcompensating excesses. Now is the time for the federal government and tmiversities to build a research and education base in academia that can respond flexibly and efficiently to the persormel demands that will inevitably come. Now is the time to prepare a cadre of chemical engineers who will interact as easily and successfully with life scientists as chemical engineers cmrently do with chemists and physicists. 

Better models can replace laboratory or field tests that are difficult or costly to perform or identity cracial experiments that should be carried out. In either case, they will significantly enhance the scope and productivity of chenucal engineering researchers in academia and industry. 

The combination of these advances is revolutionizing process control, spawning unprecedented research activity in both academia and industry. 

Industry should also continue to commit resources to academic research, for reasons that go far deeper than the desirability of additional funds. The development of any engineering field, and particularly one as closely linked to manufacturing as chemical engineering, needs the intellectual guidance that can only come from an industry with a stake in research outcomes. Also, industry has to be linked to academia so that new laboratory results can be rapidly transferred to product and process design. An industry committed to financial sponsorship and personnel exchanges with academia will make sure that the crucial industrial intellectual involvement needed for success exists. Thus, the committee mges that ... 

The EPA should also consider creating a national "Center for Engineering Research on Environmental Protection and Process Safety" that would provide both unique state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and computational resources to chemical and process engineering researchers from academia, federal laboratories, and industry. 

A variety of support mechanisms for carrying out such research could be envisioned that would include sponsorship of individttal research projects in academia or federal laboratories, where appropriate a DOE eqrrivalent of the NSF Engineering Research Centers, but with more cooperative involvement from industry and stimrrlation by DOE of industrial cortsortia both to carry out joint research among companies on nonproprietary topics and to support relevant research in academia. The... 

The above-mentioned AFM capabilities wUl enhance characterization of soft materials at the nanometer scale and will make this method invaluable for researchers working in academia and industry. 

The several industrial applications reported in the hterature prove that the energy of supersonic flow can be successfully used as a tool to enhance the interfacial contacting and intensify mass transfer processes in multiphase reactor systems. However, more interest from academia and more generic research activities are needed in this fleld, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the interface creation under the supersonic wave conditions, to create rehable mathematical models of this phenomenon and to develop scale-up methodology for industrial devices. 

Many or most of the results from data mining in industry went unpublished. More recently, when a few academic researchers gained access to data mining software, the weakly active compounds they found were excitedly published. This difference between industry and academia in handling similar kinds of results is a matter of priorities. In industry, the hrst priority is to hnd marketable products and get them out the door. In academia, the priority is to publish (especially in high-impact journals). Contrary to a common misconception, scientists in industry do publish, a point we return to below. 

In conclusion, it is likely that computational approaches for metabolism prediction will continue to be developed and integrated with other algorithms for pharmaceutical research and development, which may in turn ultimately aid in their more widespread use in both industry and academia. Such models may already be having some impact when integrated with bioanalytical approaches to narrow the search for possible metabolites that are experimentally observed. Software that can be updated by the user as new metabolism information becomes available would also be of further potential value. The held of metabolism prediction has therefore advanced rapidly over the past decade, and it will be important to maintain this momentum in the future as the hndings from crystal structures for many discrete metabolic enzymes are integrated with the diverse types of computational models already derived. 

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