Zirconium driers

Troymax Drier. ITroy] Calcium, cobalt iron, lead, manganese, zinc, ot zirconium driers for coatings, inte, polyesters. 

Chem. Descrip. Cobalt-barium-zirconium drier Uses Drier for water-dilutable alkyd resin paints Features Fead-free... 

Chem. Descrip. Zirconium drier Uses Drier in org. coatings, inks, polyesters Properties Gardner 5 max. sp.gr. 0.838-0.875 dens. 6.98-7.30 Ib/gal vise. (Gardner) A-4 max. flash pt. 104 F (PMCC) 6.0 0.1% metal Troymax Drier Zirconium 12% [Troy]... 

Zirconium driers n. Zirconium salts of various organic acids such as naphthenic or 2-ethyl hexoic. Used as a replacement for lead in fiime-proof paints or other lead-free paints, where equivalent through drying can be obtained. It is also used as an auxiliary drier where color and color retention are important. 

Different drier combinations are recommended for use with high solids aikyds. A study of a variety of driers and drier combinations with high solids coatings has been published (14). Cobalt, neodymium, aluminum, and barium carboxylic acid salts were of particular interest. Performance was enhanced by adding bipyridyl as an accelerator. The author reports that the best drier system was 0.04% Co, 0.3% Nd with 0.07% bipyridyl (percentages based on the vehicle solids). Reference 15 reports studies of mechanisms of action of cobalt and mixed cobalt/zirconium driers. 

Lead was used for years as a very effective through-drier, but for ecological and toxicity reasons, is rarely used in recent years. Zirconium driers are by far the most widely accepted replacements for lead. They improve through-drying mainly by the formation of coordination bonds with hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups of the resin, and also by increasing the catalytic effect of primary driers. 

Cobalt Naphthenate Zirconium Drier Manganese Drier Calcium Drier... 

Chem. Descrip. Zirconium drier based on sat. branched-chain syn. acid base Uses Paint drier and aux. drier cataiyst with good pigment wetting synergist with other driers... 

Trade Names Containing Ken-React NZ 66A Zirconium drier... 

Zirconium tetrafluoride [7783-64-4] is used in some fluoride-based glasses. These glasses are the first chemically and mechanically stable bulk glasses to have continuous high transparency from the near uv to the mid-k (0.3—6 -lm) (117—118). Zirconium oxide and tetrachloride have use as catalysts (119), and zirconium sulfate is used in preparing a nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oil. Zirconium 2-ethyIhexanoate [22464-99-9] is used with cobalt driers to replace lead compounds as driers in oil-based and alkyd paints (see Driers and metallic soaps). 

The metal salts of neodecanoic acid have found wide usage as driers for paints and inks (95,96). Metal neodecanoates that are used include silver (80), cobalt (82), and zirconium (79), along with lead, copper, manganese, and 2inc (see Driers and metallic soaps). 

A.uxilia driers do not show catalytic activity themselves, but appear to enhance the activity of the active drier metals. It has been suggested that the auxihary metals improve the solubiUty of the active drier metal, can alter the redox potential of the metal, or function through the formation of complexes with the primary drier. Auxihary driers include barium, zirconium, calcium, bismuth, zinc, potassium, strontium, andhthium. 

Cobalt. Without a doubt cobalt 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-52-7] is the most important and most widely used drying metal soap. Cobalt is primarily an oxidation catalyst and as such acts as a surface or top drier. Cobalt is a transition metal which can exist in two valence states. Although it has a red-violet color, when used at the proper concentration it contributes very Httie color to clear varnishes or white pigmented systems. Used alone, it may have a tendency to cause surface wrinkling therefore, to provide uniform drying, cobalt is generally used in combination with other metals, such as manganese, zirconium, lead, calcium, and combinations of these metals. 

Zirconium. Zirconium 2-ethyIhexanoate [22464-99-9] is classified as an auxihary drier and is the most widely used replacement for lead. Zirconium improves through dry mainly by the formation of coordination bonds. It has excellent color, a low tendency to yellow, and better durability compared to other auxiliary metals. 

Bismuth. Bismuth 2-ethyIhexanoate [72877-97-5] is an auxiliary drier that has been promoted for drying under adverse conditions. Like rare earths, in some coatings it is reported to give better results than zirconium at low temperature and high humidity. 

Naphthenates of cobalt, manganese, calcium, copper, iron, zinc, and zirconium are used as driers in printing inks. Their use in coatings is declining as a result of the use of higher metal content synthetic driers and the overall trend to latex paint in architectural coatings. 

A paint rarely consists solely of pigment dispersed in a solution of a binder. For one reason or another, small quantities of ancillary materials called additives are included. The oldest and still the most important are the driers which are used in all air-drying and many stoving paints containing drying oils. They are organic salts of certain metals, notably cobalt, calcium, barium, zirconium and manganese, with lead very much in decline. 

The rates at which nonconjugated drying oils dry are slow. Metal salts (driers) arc known to catalyze the drying rate. The most widely used are the oil-soluble cobalt, manganese, lead, zirconium, and calcium salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid or naphthenic acids. See also Paints and Coatings. 

Combinations of metal salts arc almost always used. Although mixtures of lead with cobalt and/or manganese are particularly effective, toxicity regulations ban the use of lead driers in consumer paints sold in interstate commerce in the United States, Combinations of cobalt and/or manganese with zirconium, and frequently also with calcium, are commonly used. The amounts of driers needed are very system specific. Their use should be kept to the minimum possible level since they not only catalyze drying but also catalyze the post-drying embrittlement and discoloration reactions. 

There are several other manufacturers who supply zirconium octanoates as paint drier additives. These are not normally used as adhesion promoters or coupling agents. 

Driers are metal salts, especially of cobalt, manganese, zirconium, calcium, and iron, that accelerate the conversion of the liquid film to a solid lead was commonly used as a primary drier, but due to its toxicity, it is rarely used now. 

Production of ZrCl4. Zirconium oxide from the hafnium-separation step was mixed with carbon black, dextrin, and water in proportions 142 Zr02, 142 C, 8 dextrin, and 8 water. The mixture was pressed into small briquettes (3.8 X 2.5 X 1.9 cm) and dried at 120°C in a tray drier. The oxide briquettes were charged to the reaction zone of a vertical-shaft chlorinator lined with silica brick. The charge was first heated by carbon resistance strips until it became conductive. During production, the bed temperature was maintained at 600 to 800 C by an electric current passed directly through the bed. After steady conditions were reached, a reactor 66 cm in diameter produced about 25 kg ZrCLt/h. The ZrCU was condensed from the reaction products in two cyclone-shaped aftercondensers in series, and the chlorine off-gas was removed in a water scrubbing tower. 

Catalysis Crosslinkmg Driers Curing agents Metal soaps (Cobalt, Zirconium, Calcium) of an octoic acid,dibutyl tin dilaurate ammonium zirconium carbonate. 

Chem. Desap. Zirconium octoate CAS 15104-99-1 Uses Drier for coatings... 

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