Zirconium -sulfate

In the initial thiocyanate-complex Hquid—Hquid extraction process (42,43), the thiocyanate complexes of hafnium and zirconium were extracted with ether from a dilute sulfuric acid solution of zirconium and hafnium to obtain hafnium. This process was modified in 1949—1950 by an Oak Ridge team and is stiH used in the United States. A solution of thiocyanic acid in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is used to extract hafnium preferentially from a concentrated zirconium—hafnium oxide chloride solution which also contains thiocyanic acid. The separated metals are recovered by precipitation as basic zirconium sulfate and hydrous hafnium oxide, respectively, and calcined to the oxide (44,45). This process is used by Teledyne Wah Chang Albany Corporation and Western Zirconium Division of Westinghouse, and was used by Carbomndum Metals Company, Reactive Metals Inc., AMAX Specialty Metals, Toyo Zirconium in Japan, and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann in France. 

Zirconium tetrafluoride [7783-64-4] is used in some fluoride-based glasses. These glasses are the first chemically and mechanically stable bulk glasses to have continuous high transparency from the near uv to the mid-k (0.3—6 -lm) (117—118). Zirconium oxide and tetrachloride have use as catalysts (119), and zirconium sulfate is used in preparing a nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oil. Zirconium 2-ethyIhexanoate [22464-99-9] is used with cobalt driers to replace lead compounds as driers in oil-based and alkyd paints (see Driers and metallic soaps). 

Carbonates. Basic zirconium carbonate [37356-18-6] is produced in a two-step process in which zirconium is precipitated as a basic sulfate from an oxychloride solution. The carbonate is formed by an exchange reaction between a water slurry of basic zirconium sulfate and sodium carbonate or ammonium carbonate at 80°C (203). The particulate product is easily filtered. Freshly precipitated zirconium hydroxide, dispersed in water under carbon dioxide in a pressure vessel at ca 200—300 kPa (2—3 atm), absorbs carbon dioxide to form the basic zirconium carbonate (204). Washed free of other anions, it can be dissolved in organic acids such as lactic, acetic, citric, oxaUc, and tartaric to form zirconium oxy salts of these acids. 

Sulfates. Sulfate ions strongly complex zirconium, removing hydroxyl groups and forming anionic complexes. With increasing acidity, all hydroxyl groups are replaced zirconium sulfate [7446-31-3] Zr(S04)2-4H20, with an orthorhombic stmcture (206), can be crystallized from a 45% sulfuric acid solution. Zirconium sulfate forms various hydrates, and 13 different crystalline Zr(S0 2 5 2 [14644-61-2] systems are described in Reference 207. 

Basic zirconium sulfates are formed by hydrolysis of zirconium sulfate, which is broken up into fragments that undergo further hydrolysis to yield a series of basic sulfates with the generic formula Zr (OH)2 2 ( 4 )n-i (190). 

Basic zirconium sulfate is also considered to be strands of [Zr(OH)2] joined by bridging sulfates (208). The resulting formula is Zr(OH) - (OH) (SO 3 -nH,0, wheie h are bridging anions and t are terminal anions. 

The stabihty of zirconium sulfate solutions to spontaneous precipitation when heated to 70°C for 2 h was studied as a function of S02 Zr02 ratio and metal concentrations (209). The zirconium solutions were considered unstable at metal concentrations below 0.64 M or at S02 Zr02 ratios <1.2. 

After extraction, the loaded solvent contains 6 g T1 zirconium as zirconium oxide with 0.2% hafnium oxide. The raffinate is left with 0.2 to 0.3 g l l of the oxides of zirconium and hafnium of this, 70-90% is hafnium oxide. This raffinate can act as a feed solution for the recovery of pure hafnium oxide. The loaded extractant, on the other hand, is subjected to a scrubbing operation with pure zirconium sulfate solution to eliminate any co-extracted hafnium. This scrubbing operation is essentially a displacement reaction ... 

The only difference from the method (i) was in the regeneration operation. Here, the regeneration operation was conducted by supplying 0.5 M sulfuric acid (5 BV), 0.5 M sulfuric acid containing zirconium sulfate at 0.01 M (10 BV), 0.5 M sulfuric acid (15 BV) and water (20 BV) in successive at SV 10 h1. The adsorption and elution operations were almost the same as those in the method (i). 

Zirconium sulfate [Zr(SO )2] is an ingredient in lubricants that do not disintegrate at high-temperatures. It is also used for tanning leather to make it white and as a chemical reagent... 

The crude tetrachloride mixture of zirconium and hafnium is dissolved in ammonium thiocyanate solution. The solution is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). MIBK is passed countercurrent to aqueous mixture of tetrachloride in the extraction column. Halhium is preferentially extracted into MIBK leaving zirconium in the aqueous phase. Simultaneously, zirconium tetrachloride oxidizes to zirconyl chloride, ZrOCb. When sulfuric acid is added to aqueous solution of zirconyl chloride, the chloride precipitates as a basic zirconium sulfate. On treatment with ammonia solution the basic sulfate is converted into zirconium hydroxide, Zr(OH)4. Zirconium hydroxide is washed, dried, and calcined to form zirconium oxide, Zr02. 

Zirconium sulfate is used in tanning white leather, as a catalyst support, to precipitate proteins and amino acids, and as a pigment stabilizer. 

Zirconium sulfate is prepared by the action of sulfuric acid on zirconium hydroxide ... 

Zirconium Carbide Zirconium Hydride Zirconium Hydroxide Zirconium Nitrate Zirconium Oxide Zirconium Silicate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Tetrachloride Zirconyl Chloride Chemical Substances Index CAS Registry Number Index... 

When Edgar Fahs Smith was investigating monazite sand under the direction of F. A. Genth (1820—1893), the latter always appropriated the zirconium sulfate that was extracted, and would say as he carried it away, Zirconium is not simple there is another element concealed in it, and when I have leisure I shall endeavor to isolate it (18). It was in zirconium ores that large quantities of element 72 were first revealed (19,20,21). 

Forced hydrolysis of zirconium sulfate solutions yielded reasonably uniform spheroidal particles in the presence of formamide (118). Smaller zirconia (—80 nm)... 

Analogously, hematite particles could be coated with zirconium hydrous oxide by aging zirconium sulfate solutions in the presence of cores, which required the... 

Fig. 5.1.7 TEM images of as-prepared spherical particles of basic zirconium sulfate (a), those calcined at 600°C for 3 h (b), and basic zirconium sulfate particles coated with Y(0H)C03 (c). The coated particles were exposed to a high-energy electron beam. (From Ref. 15.)...

Disodium Arsenate Heptahydrate Disodium Ethylenebis (Dithiocarbamate) Disodium Methanearsonate Disodium Methyl Arsonate Disodium Nitrilotriacetate Distillate Flashed Feed Stocks Distillate Straight Run Disulfatozirconic Acid Dithane Sodium Arsenate Nabarn Methanearsonic Acid, Sodium Salts Medianearsonic Acid, Sodium Salts Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Salts Distillate Flashed Feed Stocks Distillate Straight Run Zirconium Sulfate Nabam... 

Zirconium Oxide Chloride Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Hydrate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Sulfate Tetrahydrate Zirconyl Chloride... 

Compound Name Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Oxychloride... 

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