Clear varnish

Cobalt. Without a doubt cobalt 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-52-7] is the most important and most widely used drying metal soap. Cobalt is primarily an oxidation catalyst and as such acts as a surface or top drier. Cobalt is a transition metal which can exist in two valence states. Although it has a red-violet color, when used at the proper concentration it contributes very Httie color to clear varnishes or white pigmented systems. Used alone, it may have a tendency to cause surface wrinkling therefore, to provide uniform drying, cobalt is generally used in combination with other metals, such as manganese, zirconium, lead, calcium, and combinations of these metals. 

Blank-lack, m. clear varnish, -leder, n. sleek leather, harness leather, blanko, a. blank, blankputzen, v.t. polish, scour. 

Klar-kohle, /. small coal, slack, -lack, m. clear varnish or lacquer. 

At present, the major effort to develop anti-pollution coating systems is devoted to outside lithographic decorating materials for beverage and non-food containers. Water-based, clear varnishes and white coatings are increasingly available for specific end uses. Significant advances are... 

Vegetable oil c Hydrocarbons, toluene, xylene Clear varnish, industrial enamels, printing inks, paint primer... 

Cupronickel and copper alloy cups that are filled with a mercury fulminate-based primer composition are closed with a tinfoil disc that is varnished on the side that is in contact with the primer composition. A varnish that is frequently used for this purpose is shellac grade 1. After fitting, the cup annulus is coated with a clear varnish to prevent the ingress of moisture or oil. 

Varnishes. The most natural appearance for wood is obtained by use of clear varnishes or lacquers. Other treatments either change wood color or cover it up completely. Unfortunately, clear varnish finishes used on wood exposed to sun and rain require frequent maintenance to retain a satisfactory appearance. Durability of varnish on exposed wood is limited and many initial coats are necessary for... 

A clear varnish is also prepared by dissolving 22 parts butanol-moist collodion cotton (e.g., type E 510) and 8 parts toluene sulfonamide resin (e.g., santolite MS 80) in a mixture of 3 parts dibutyl phthalate, 20 parts ethyl acetate,... 

To prepare the pigmented nail varnish, 12 parts thixotropic paste and 0.8 parts antisettling agent (e.g., MPA 2000 X) are dispersed in 83.7 parts clear varnish, during which operation a temperature of at least 38°C is to be reached. One part... 

With clear varnishes 5-10 wt% of solvent is sufficient, with paints 10-20 wt% is sufficient. There are very few restrictions in the choice of pigment basic pigments (e.g., zinc oxide) can be used. 

The apparent or theoretical dilutability denotes the dilution ratio that just results in a saturated solution. The true or practical dilutability predicts that this solution to which diluent has been added can still be applied satisfactorily, for example in the paint sector clear varnish films can form from these solutions after drying. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Paints, brushing enamels, and clear varnish. Industrial coatings (spraying, dipping, flow coating, roller coating). Industrial baking finishes. 

Uses Photoinitiator for U V-curabie pigmented systems, esp. for thin layer applies, such as printing inks (offset, flexo, screen inks), printing plates, photoresist, solder mask, pigmented varnishes, acrylic clear varnishes Features Bifunctional compat. with resins Properties Off-wh. powd. faint char, odor sol. in most common org. soivs., monomers, prepolymers insol. in water Use Level 0.5-5%... 

Chem. Descrip. Methyl phenyl silicone resin aq. emulsion Uses Binderfor highly pigmented and gloss paints, clear varnishes, low-VOC coatings food-contact coatings Features Dries to tack-free finish at R.T. rec. for blending with water-based org. resins high shear resist. 

Uses Binderfor highly pigmented and gloss paints, clear varnishes food-contact coatings... 

Uses Used in fast curing litho inks, flexo inks, and clear varnishes with good abrasion, hardness, and solv. resist. good pigment wetting... 

SILIKOPHEN P40/W binder, Chinese lacquerware coatings Japan (Rhus succedanea) wax binder, citrus coatings Carbowax Sentry PEG 300 Carbowax Sentry PEG 400 binder, clear varnishes Silres MP 42 E Silres REN 50 binder, coated materials Rhoplex B-15J binder, coating colors Blanose 7EL Blanose 7H Blanose 7H4 Blanose 7H9 Blanose 7L Blanose 7L1 Blanose 7L2 Blanose 7M Blanose 7M1 Blanose 7M2 Blanose 7M31 Blanose 7M65 Blanose 7UL Blanose 9H4 Blanose 9M2... 

Figure 16.1. Filiform corrosion, (a) Lacquered tin can. lx. (fa) clear varnish on steel, 10x (86% R.H., 840 h). [Reprinted with permission, M. Van Loo, D. Laiderman, and R. Bruhn, Corrosion 9, 279 (1953). Copyright NACE International 1953.]...

Clouding n. Development in a clear varnish or lacquer film or liquid of an opalescence or cloudiness caused by the precipitation of insoluble matter or immiscibility of components. 

Overprint varnish n. A clear varnish applied over a printed job to improve its gloss and/ or mar resistance, etc. 

Seediness sed-e-nos n. (1) Particles in a coating caused by reactive pigments and acid components of the vehicle. (2) Defect in a clear varnish or lacquer caused by small particles sometimes visible when examined by transmitted light. On application, varnished or lacquered surfaces may present a bitty, specky or sandy appearance due to this defect. 

Yellowing (1598) v. Development of a yellow color on aging most noticeable in the dried films of white paints or clear varnishes. Primary cause of yellowing is the formation of color bodies due to oxidation of the oil or other unsaturated components of the binder. 

In the USA a mass per volume (Ibs/gal) definition is used and there is no easy direct correlation or conversion between the two. The density of the coating has a significant effect. White basecoats have a much higher density than a clear varnish. The solids are measured at 110°C for 60 minutes in accordance with the standard ASTM test. The water content can be measured by either a Karl Fischer titriometric technique or by gas chromatography using an ion flame detector. Values from different techniques may well differ. 

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